First Impressions Essay example -- essays research papers

Initial introductions are critical to your consistently life. They are the premise of how connections start and how you are seen by others. Individuals, in view of early introductions, structure sentiments. The suppositions could start numerous things and lead towards progress or these feelings could be ones that are deluding and negatively affect how individuals identify with you. Initial introduction are significant on people’s public activity, in your training and in business. In your public activity, initial introductions originate from your companions, family, and even new individuals who come into your life. Early introductions for your instruction comprises of your educators or schoolmates when you are taking a class. Early introductions on business go from your present associates, chief, and previous bosses. The are critical in prospective employee meet-ups. Initial introductions are significant, yet are not generally the last word. Early introductions from the social point of view is the current issue, when seeing the significance of initial introductions, and afterward considering the condition that one is in, at that point in conclusion seeing the significant job that early introductions play over the span of a relationship such a kinship. The significance of early introductions is fundamental to the improvement of connections be it for a fellowship or just simply business colleagues, the job of early introductions is resonated over the span of that connections. How you are seen has an extremely essential bearing concerning how you are dealt with. Your outward appearance assumes a crucial job in the assembling of an initial introduction, when you are seen by others, a quick judgment call is made about you that individuals will hold in their psyches whether subliminally, or reliably that first second that they looked at you. Additionally the way that you depict yourself becomes an integral factor now, your soc ial aptitudes are the principle focal point of the early introduction after the psychological picture of you is embedded in the person’s mind. Your social abilities would reflect how you wish to introduce yourself to the individuals that you are meeting, on the off chance that you wish to get along, at that point you take a course that would assist you with getting along in your organization of the individuals that you are meeting. How you present yourself in this circumstance has an immediate reflection to the sort of condition that you are in. Contingent upon the condition that you are in, this will mirror your activities, I... ... also, that could all be a direct result of the underlying impression we may have left with the questioner. There have been investigations of what kinds of individuals have what sorts of occupations in this nation. Instructive initial introductions are significant too. These initial introductions are the ones that you make on your instructors and different colleagues. For instance, when you start another class at a school, you need to have a decent initial introduction on your educator so they regard you and give you the consideration and worth that you need. With you schoolmates, you need to establish an enduring first connection with them. The early introductions is significant in light of the fact that you can create connections from this. On the off chance that you come in to class late on the primary day and look muddled and have a mentality, people groups initial introduction on you would be contrary and treat you contrastingly then you have the right to be dealt with. At long last, as should be obvious, initial introductions do have an extraordinary effect on individuals who meet you. They are the base all things considered. Early introductions are significant socially, instructively, and work shrewd. Impacts on individuals generally keep going forever. In spite of the fact that individuals have second impressions, the initial ones are significant.

Find Out About the Dora Liebmann Fellowship Essay Sample

Find Out About the Dora Liebmann Fellowship Essay SampleIf you are a PhD candidate in psychology, or you are an aspiring PhD candidate in psychology, you need to find out about the new Dora Liebmann Fellowship. This is a new program created by the Dora Liebmann foundation to give PhD candidates a boost in their careers. PhD candidates in psychology can apply for this fellowship in order to earn their PhD and then continue with their careers in academia.The fellowship is funded by Dora Liebmann in order to pay for their expenses of taking up their PhD in Psychology. After taking up their PhD, they can work as a Ph.D. Fellow by being paid by the organization that supports them for the rest of their lives.You will first of all have to complete your dissertation. Your dissertation is the thing that will provide evidence that you have earned your degree. You will then be required to present your dissertation to the Foundation in order to get it approved.A PhD in psychology is based on stu dy skills. In order to do this, you will have to write a dissertation that is carefully structured. The study skills should be interesting, coherent, and persuasive.These study skills will help you as doctoral students in psychology. In order to become a successful graduate student in psychology, you will have to understand how people think and how the different minds work. Dora Liebmann has now given doctoral students the opportunity to study other minds by creating a program called the Liebmann Research Fellowship Program.The program that is being presented is called the Liebmann Research Fellowship. This program is being run in collaboration with the University of Florida. This is designed to support PhD candidates in psychology to study and even to carry out the fieldwork for their studies.In order to apply for this fellowship, you have to sign up for the online submission system. Once you sign up for the online submission system, you have to fill out the form that comes along w ith the application. If you want to be a member of the program, you must fulfill all the requirements of the program.At this time, you have to submit your dissertation sample to the program that you signed up for. It is also important that you use the sample correctly. Dora Liebmann will not approve your application if you are able to create another dissertation sample that is not correct.

Writing An Interesting Argumentative Essay For College Students

Writing An Interesting Argumentative Essay For College StudentsWriting an interesting argumentative essay is a major part of your preparation for college. Writing well is a skill that you will learn as you get older, and it is also a skill that develops with practice. There are many reasons to write an argumentative essay. It can help you get into good college admissions, and it can help you make a good impression on an employer or prospective client.The first thing to think about when preparing argumentative student essay topics for college students is the topic. What topic is right for you? How do you think you would be remembered by a potential employer if they read your essay? This is something you have to do before you start writing. Decide what you want to say, how you are going to say it, and what you want to accomplish in writing your essay.You could use oral history to tell the story of a person's life. For example, if you were to use oral history as part of your argumentati ve essay topics for college students, you could tell the story of someone's life and then talk about their life experiences. You could talk about their family, their job, their relationship with their family members, their education, and their eventual future.There are many ways to tell a story, and you would be amazed at how many things you could say about someone's life. You could also use it to tell a story that was created by you, or perhaps someone else. You could use stories to tell a student's life story or to make a case for a point that you believe strongly in. These are all possibilities, and you should consider each.Using oral history as argumentative essay topics for college students should be a step you take in order to gain experience in this area. You will need to decide what kind of story you would like to tell, and you will have to figure out the best way to tell it. This is a great way to teach yourself oral history, as you will not only know how to tell a story, b ut you will also be able to talk about a lot of things that interest you.Oral history is often used as part of a thesis for a college-level degree. This means that you will need to spend some time learning the skills of this form of writing. There are many different types of oral history, so it is possible to write about a variety of things in this way. There are times when you may feel you can't fit in any one type of oral history, but there are several different possibilities you can explore as a way to expand your writing skills.The other reason to use oral history as argumentative essay topics for college students is because the stories have been told many times already. Students often have personal memories about something, and sometimes you can use these to tell a story. This is something that happens a lot. Oral history has helped many people tell stories that they may not be able to tell to their families or friends, because they were told before, or they just don't have eno ugh information.Many students enjoy the experience of using oral history as part of their argumentative essay topics for college students. The main thing is to keep in mind what you want to say, and then keep your story flowing and interesting. You may have no idea what your story will end up as, but you should try to figure out a way to write about what you would like to write about. Learning how to do this will give you a new resource to use as you prepare your own arguments for college admissions, and as you present your stories in class.

I.Family History.Detailed Information Regarding The Child’S

I. FAMILY HISTORY: Detailed information regarding the child’s life with birth family, social and cultural lifestyle: Birth Mother Caseyn’s biological mother is a Caucasian female. She was 33 years old at the time of his birth. His biological mother did not work and indicated that she had not done so in 15 years. She was a member of a non-denominational church. The records indicate that the biological mother was somewhat compliant in her case plan, but did not complete the plan. She failed to attend mandatory counseling and classes, obtain a safe and stable living environment, find an independent source of income, and develop a plan in case she relapsed. The Agency determined that she was a risk factor due to her noncompliance.†¦show more content†¦His biological mother previously took Prozac and Zistral for anxiety and depression. She was also diagnosed with sleeping problems, for which she took Trazodone. The biological mother had four miscarriages. There is also a history of cancer, diabetes, and asthma in the maternal family. Birth Father Caseyn’s biological father is a Caucasian male. He was 33 at the time of Caseyn’s birth. He was a member of an Assembly of God church. Records indicate that he did not exhibit positive reinforcement towards his children by holding, touching, listening to, and/ or talking with his children. The biological father was reported for the battery of the biological mother. Caseyn’s biological father failed to submit to assessments and treatments. He was employed at a roofing company and at an auto body shop. He is currently incarcerated. The biological father did not comply with the majority of the steps in his case plan. He refused to complete parenting classes, substance abuse counseling, and classes for battering. He surrendered his parental rights, without counseling, to Caseyn and his siblings on December 21, 2016 in the presence of the Agency’s Attorney, Courtney Franklin, and his Attorney, Varhonda Burrell. FAMILY/CHILD’S HISTORY OF ACTIVITY WITH THE AGENCY: On February 4, 2013, there was an allegation of child abuse/neglect. These were found to be invalid and the family was not referred to

Essay on Modern American History - 648 Words

American history, though nowhere near as epic as the history of Europe, is wrought with its own heroes and legendary personalities. The three most important span political, economic, and social borders. In its 300 years, the United States has not seen finer heroes than Benjamin Franklin, Alan Greenspan, and Martin Luther King, Jr. Their contributions in politics, regulation of the US economy, and roles in racial diversity, these legends have no precedent. Benjamin Franklin contributed to the culture of the US through his literature and his political presence. Franklin was born in the early 18th century, when England still had a grip on the politics of the colonies. Following the revolutionary war, in which he had important diplomatic†¦show more content†¦In essence, Greenspanamp;#8217;s job is running the day-to-day and long-term economies of the United States. He is involved in international and domestic trade. In addition, he regulates the stock market. The effect he has h ad on the American public is not directly felt, but in a way he affects the lives of every citizen. On several occasions, Greenspan has saved the market from failure through quick action. He has always chosen the sound long-term route over a short-term benefit, even against protest. The market is a direct representation of the economy of the US, and Greenspan has a huge influence on it. Because of this, he changes the core process of money movement in America every day. And since he never succumbs to short-term prospects, Greenspan has ensured a sound future economy. Martin Luther King, Jr. was without a doubt the most important race relations leader in the history of the United States. King was the single man who inspired millions to fight for the cause of unity in the US. Despite the ban on slavery, America had deep segregation and prejudice until the 1960s. King drove the Negroes of America to march on Washington, D.C. to fight for rights. He was behind the movement that caused J ohn F. Kennedy to sign a bill of civil rights. It is hard to imagine what the US would be like today without his diligence and vigilance. Perhaps we would still be living in an era like that of Atlanta, Georgia in the 1960s. No one can sayShow MoreRelatedThe Modern Era Of American History1555 Words   |  7 PagesOut with the Old and in with the New The 1920s stand as a monumental decade in American history with radical shifts in the values and practices of many Americans due to the revelations in science and the birth of the Modernist movement that spurred societal reformation. However, these progressive ideals and values were met with fierce opposition in many regards that created a polarity in America between proponents of this new religion and advocates for the traditional old religion of ChristianityRead More The Modernization of America Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesfirst truly modern period in American history would have to be the 1920s. The 1920s brought a capitalistic population who, as a nation, leaned toward isolationism. In two main fields, the 1920s modernized American society to reflect the America of the 21st century more than any era before it. These fields are media and business. Along with a new decade came a new attitude from the media. By 1922 there were 22 magazines in circulation and by the end of the 1920s, 40% of Americans owned a radioRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1311 Words   |  6 Pagesin early modern age, impacted by economic and politic; it is also the driving force for international trade and rapid improvement of communication. Large and small groups of migration had taken place since fifteenth century. People settled down, created new societies across the continents. â€Å"Americans, Europeans, and Africans produced multiethnic societies characterized by social hierarchies that were reflected in pigmentation.† The colonial system demand for labor in the early modern time createdRead MoreModernism : The Age Of Rebellion Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology evolved communication joined the modern lifestyle. The second industrial revolution was influential, the amount of progress it brought in the 1920’s gave America the ability to move forward and advance. The second industrial revolution industrialized not only technology, but caused time period called the roaring 20’s in which the average American took advantage of the progresses from the second industrial revolution. Throughout the roaring 20’s, Americans began to think more about life as theseRead MoreJohn Ford’s acclaimed film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) is well-known among cinema buffs800 Words   |  4 PagesThis vision is one that imagines the cultural transition of America from an unsettled land to a modern state. What is lost in the transition is the spirit of the true outlaw, which stands as a symbol of individualism. Individualism is a crucial observation because it sheds light on the theme of the film, which is that of the American identity. What Ford articulates in the film is a vision of the American character that is rooted in the heritage of the Old West and in the doctrines of freedom and libertyRead MoreNewspaper And Other Traditional Sources Of Journalism1379 Words   |  6 Pageswidely considered essential to democracy, many groups are deeply concerned about this trend.† Traditional Journalism against New Modern Journalism Journalism is one of the most important part of mass communication around the world in this modern era. The era in which people connected with internet and technology is playing vital role in every human being. According to American Press Institute â€Å"Journalism is the activity of gathering information, assessing, creating and presenting news and informationRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Middle Of The Twentieth Century1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthey were forced into slavery and consequently died from a massive plague, the Great Dying, which was caused by the introduction of European diseases that they were not immune to. The Native Americans lands were also forcefully taken away from them. As the colonization efforts continued too many Native Americans dies off from disease. Europeans, appreciating the economic loss they would suffer if they were not replaced began using their African ports to trade Blacks to the Americas. The Atlantic slaveRead MoreAPWH Ch1306 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿AP WORLD HISTORY Chapter Processing Work INTRODUCTION Historical Thinking Skill Exercise: Periodization: Compare the author’s periodization in Parts One through Six to the Colleges Board’s historical periodization. How do the author’s dates and titles compare to the College Board’s? What explains the similarities and the differences? Why do you suppose the periodization in world history can be so controversial? UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1: Historical Thinking Skill Exercise: Historical Argumentation:Read More American Modernization Essay598 Words   |  3 Pages American Modernization nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Leading up to the turn of our present century, changes in culture and society of America triggered modernization throughout much of our commerce, social, artistic and educational lives. The past century or so has brought new obstacles and opportunities for the nation of America. This changing is reflected through some of the works by writers such as, Robert Frost, William Williams, Ezra Pound, and T.S. Eliot. Examining people’s mindset in modernizationRead MoreThe War Of The French Revolution1676 Words   |  7 PagesIt is critically important to gain all benefits of the military history lessons to abstract the aspects of war, which enhance our leadership and capabilities to take the right decision. Therefore, I am going to start with war definition. â€Å"War is an act of force to compel our enemy to do our Will†. During the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries, a series of conflicts dominated Europe. These conflicts had i ts influence on the Europe at that time, but the Napoleonic wars had the

European Settlement in the New World - 2456 Words

The displacement of Indians and the enslavement of Africans tarnished the early history of European settlement in the New World’. Illustrate this statement by discussing the African slave trade and relations between European settlers and the various Native American peoples. America was regarded as the continent of new opportunities, religion freedom, new ideas, innovation. In other words, it was claimed to be the New World. Many people headed to America hoping to give a new beginning to their lives. Up to this point, we expect to learn wonderfulthings about the foundation of the States. Nonetheless, the displacement of Indians and the enslavement of Africans tarnished the early history of European settlers in what it was supposed†¦show more content†¦Natives generously shared with the settlers their belongings, supplies, food, and the skills necessary for survival in the New World. What the settlers gave them in exchange was destined to destroy them: disease, firearms, whiskey, a brutal religion totally at odds with nature, and a demand for material goods that would rob them of their independence. Within ten years of the arrival of Winthrop and his party, the natives welcome of the settlers had worn out. The settlers had appeared on the scene with two objectives in mind with regard to the Indians: secure their land and convert them to Christianity. The natives soon saw trade as the settlers means of exploitation. Sachems began to resent missionaries as interlopers interested only in preparing the way for land grabs. The English made their own laws on what for centuries had been native soil and held natives accountable to English rules. Moreover, any breach of English law resulted in a natives being subjected to a public humiliation unknown in his or her own culture. Relations were scarcely improved by the Puritan attitude toward the natives. To the European mind, the natives were sub fiends in the service ofShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus : A Dominant Figure1366 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 15th century. It created relationships between the old world and the new world. With the exchange of animals, insects, and plants, population as well as cultures, the Columbian Exchange was created. (Boundless.com) Different kinds of resources were shared after the exploration of the New World, which definitely brought European countries benefits. As a result, increasing number of European colonies came to North America, trying to find new chances for lives. However, there is no doubt that sacrificeRead MoreImages Of America The European Writers902 Words   |  4 PagesImages of America the European writers constructed to promote colonization and settlement European exchanged cultures with North America when Leif Ericsson’s arrived at the new land at the year 1000. However European settlement started to spread after Columbus first voyage in 1492. In 16th century America became the golden arena for Europe and renaissance attracted adventures and opportunities for colonial aspirations of rival empires. Explorations in America increased fast and grew and by the timeRead MoreEarly Settlers and Native Americans1038 Words   |  5 Pagesearly European arrival. All the different countries in Europe were all trying to find there own place in the new world by claiming the land for their country. The English were among one of the first Europeans to arrive in the new world; and establish the first permanent settlement called Jamestown. The English later extended their settlements along the Atlantic coast, colonizing Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay. It was not very long after the English arrived, came the French to the new world. TheyRead Mo reHow Did Contact Between The European Arrivals And The Native Peoples Of The Americas Affect Both Groups?1545 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween the European arrivals and the native peoples of the Americas affect both groups? Europeans brought to the Americas catastrophic diseases that killed millions and decimated native populations, who possessed no immunity to the illnesses. The Europeans also had deliberate policies of subjugation and extermination, by which they brutally tortured or murdered natives due to the Europeans history of brutality in war and their consideration of the natives as no more than savages. The Europeans alsoRead MoreThe American Journey : A History Of The United States866 Words   |  4 Pagescentury, Spain, France,England and Dutch all focused on competing for colonies and trade around the world. Beginning in the late fifteenth century, a lot of explorers, conquerors, missionaries, merchants, and adventurers tried to seek new lands to colonize. Hoping to improve economic conditions in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, many Europeans sought new opportunities for trade and settlement overseas. Spain, Portugal, France, and England all want to grasp the political, econ omic, and religiousRead MoreThe English Colonization And Settlement Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesthe English colonization and settlement in the New World (North America) that would eventually end up with thirteen colonies for the English. How did the English colonization and settlement in the Chesapeake and southern colonies differ from that in New England? What factors motivated people to settle in the different regions? What effect did the English Protestant Reformation in the mid-1500s have on the desire of Englishmen to migrate to the New World? [Hint: the New England colonies.] How did theRead MoreEuropean Colonization Of Europeans And Native Americans1503 Words   |  7 Pagesfourteen hundred ninety-two, the New World encountered catastrophic epidemics from the European conquest. The spread of diseases between Europeans and Native Americans led to a demographic calamity. The earliest explorations from European countries introduced a plethora of diseases; these diseases hin dered the Native’s population and way of life. Not only early explorations of European countries impacted the indigenous people, but the settlement and encounters with Europeans in the twentieth century didRead MoreThe Spread of European Imperialism Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, the world witnessed a global expansion as well as a compaction of people, cultures, and ideas. The need for goods, as well as the process of mercantilism to inflate economies, was instrumental in the advancement of seafaring technologies, the need to spread religion, and the eventual globalization of the slave market. The four major regions in the world, which were the stepping stones of globalization, are Africa, Southeast Asia andRead MoreThe Control of England in North America and Demise of the Spanish Power in the Atlantic1490 Words   |  6 PagesAtlantic The year 1942 marked a division in the contemporary world history. There were a number of developments that would bring enormous effects for the Old and the New World Wars. The discovery of these developments changed the diets of both the western and eastern regions, assisted in initiating the Atlantic slave trade, and spread illnesses that had a destructive effect on populations in India, and resulted in the creation of European colonies across the Western region (Cohen and Rosenzwei 124)Read MoreNative Americans And Inuit From The American Arctic1337 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction and Early Contact European explorers typically viewed Native Americans and Inuit (formerly called â€Å"Eskimo†) peoples as uncivilized savages who could be ignored, treated as curiosities, or manipulated to meet the goals of businessmen, clerics, scientists, or politicians. Civil interaction with native peoples was pursued only when it was critical to the success of European ventures such as procuring gold, silver, fur, and land. These exploitative or antagonistic relationships with native

God and Godlike Humans in the Bible and Iliad free essay sample

The characterization of individuals through specific and repeated character descriptions are consistent with social norms and create binding values associated each character. In the Iliad, which can be considered the primary religious text of antiquity, godly epithets are used to accompany characters with dominant abilities. The Bible also features consistent divine descriptions throughout the various writings. By regularly featuring characters with â€Å"godlike† descriptions, Homer’s language defines the humanity and position of the Greek gods, creating a sharp distinction from the descriptive writing in the Bible that defines the unreachable position of the monotheistic God. Although the gods of the Iliad and the God of Genesis are similar in their interaction with mortals, the usage and nature of divine language in character descriptions, along with the ability for a mortal to attain â€Å"godlike† status, are remarkably different. Throughout the Iliad, Homer pays respect to soldiers by mentioning their name with various adjacent positive qualities. In the first book of the Iliad, â€Å"godlike Polyphemous† is introduced among a list of noteworthy soldiers (Iliad 1:264). Although Polyphemous is an unfamiliar character that is not central to the action, Homer wholly compares him to a god. The pairing of this godly term with such an insignificant character represents how divine status is obtainable for mortals, especially because Homer does not provide an explanation as to how Polyphemous achieved this status. Within this same listing of soldiers, Theseus is also mentioned as being â€Å"in the likeness of the immortals† (Iliad 1:265). While this phrase exemplifies noteworthy status in the gods’ perspective, it is distinctively different than being compared to the gods. Homer, therefore, employs specific language to carefully present a difference in how characters can either be in the likeness of the gods or completely similar to them. Homer frequents divine descriptions when mentioning soldiers, noting how numerous men have ascended into a role similar to a god simply by heroic accomplishments or physical attributes. For example, Homer describes Idomeneus â€Å"like a god standing† and â€Å"Akamas, beauteous as god† (Iliad 2:230, 11:60). This divine language not only portrays the importance of both soldiers and physical prowess in society, but also represents how mortals can bridge the gap between the divine and the earthly by possessing superior ability or physical features. In book 5 of the Iliad as Diomedes is preparing for battle, Homer provides an anecdote of Eurypylos, who was â€Å"honored about the countryside as a god is† due to his victory in battle (Iliad, 5:78). By mentioning this story and specific language before a battle scene, Homer demonstrates to the reader that Diomedes, or any character, can achieve godlike standing by winning a significant battle. Warfare, which is an integral aspect of society in the Iliad, also plays an important role in the Old Testament. In the book of Genesis, the writers mention Nimrod as the â€Å"first on earth to become a mighty man† (Genesis 10:8). Similar to the large amount of soldiers mentioned in the Iliad, Nimrod achieves recognition for his violent skills and physicality. However, Nimrod is purposely introduced as a â€Å"hunter before the lord† (Genesis 10:10). Rather than comparing Nimrod to God because of his skill, the writers of Genesis portray his skill as being devoted to the lord. Although Homer would have confidently considered Nimrod godlike, this language displays how the writers of Genesis believed that superiority in skill does not create a godlike mortal. Rather, excellent ability is practiced in honor of the lord and fulfilled in accordance with God’s desires. Odysseus, the skilled speaker and warrior, is consistently featured in the Iliad with godlike qualities. For example, he is titled â€Å"godlike† while motivating the Greek soldiers before battle (Iliad 2:335). This specific account not only displays how possessing a superior talent is considered a godlike quality, but also how reputation and fame grant worthy comparison to the gods. Odysseus became well known during the Trojan War because of his profound ability to speak, giving him the opportunity to encourage thousands of soldiers who â€Å"cried out† and offered â€Å"applause† in honor and respect (Iliad 2:335). Homer’s language in this scene displays that famous and recognizable mortals are comparable to the gods, who are the most identifiable characters in antiquity. Because citizens of Greece admire Odysseus’ skill and knew his name just as if it were a god’s, Homer considers him to be godlike. Hector, another distinguished soldier known throughout Greece, is the most notable example of immortal characterization. Presented as â€Å"equal of Zeus in counsel,† Homer portrays Hector as being wholly comparable to Zeus, the most significant of the gods (Iliad 7:47). This language blatantly proclaims that Hector, one of the most idolized mortals, is equally advisable as Zeus, the most idolized god. Because Helen is the speaker, the reader gains an understanding into the analogous value of both Hector and Zeus from a mortal’s perspective. Abraham, one of the most prominent mortals in the book of Genesis, is the patriarch of the Israelites, serving as the liaison between God and his people. Abraham achieved his fame and status through defeating challenges and personal displays of righteousness, but the writers of Genesis do not consider him to be godlike. Rather, Abraham is considered â€Å"blessed by God most high† (Genesis 14:19). The highest achievement for mortals in Genesis is not to be considered godlike, but only to be fortunate under the direction of God’s desires. This language proves that God not only provides success and preeminence, but also deserves honor from those he has provided for. Although similar to Odysseus and Hector in status, Abraham’s significance does not make him godlike. The writers of Genesis viewed his prestige and position as a gift from the unreachable God. Although mortals never deliberately strive to mimic the gods in the Iliad, Homer employs divine language to present how superiority in skill, physicality, and fame give mortals godly status. In the Old Testament, mortals such as Abraham, who live according to God’s commands and therefore impersonate his heavenly characteristics, are never able to elevate to godlike status. Although both the Olympian gods and God present humanlike qualities and interact with mortal characters, the position of God’s status remains unreachable. The usage and nature of divine language in character descriptions may help explain why the Iliad is now historically considered mythology and the Bible stills remains a religious text.

Extinction of minority languages

The process of globalization has become very intensive recently. Indeed, the whole world seems to turn into one great community with a unified culture, lifestyle, and system of values. What is more, this community tends to speak fewer and fewer languages, preferring to speak the language that is popular or simple, rather than the one that is native. On one hand, this process is essential, as far as it is based on the law of natural selection.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Extinction of minority languages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the extinction of minor languages leads to the extinction of certain cultural groups and their individualities, turning the world into a global grey crowd. So what should be done about the mentioned situation? Undoubtedly, the minor languages should be preserved. The meaning of the languages that are on the edge of extinction today lies far beyond the linguist ic concept. Indeed, languages do not only serve as a means of expression and comprehension; their function is much deeper. Apart from being a system of signs, a language carries a certain mentality, the character of the community it is spoken by. Moreover, the changes in the community’s life are inevitably reflected in its language. Community and language function as one organism, and when a language dies out, the community also stops existing. In fact, it can become a part of another community, or adopt another language, but losing a native language means losing authenticity with no opportunity for further development and life. That is why, the process of languages extinction should be resisted. Today the language policies aimed at preserving the minor languages are treated as unpopular and needless. The politicians see no sense in investing money into saving some language of an African community, as this investment will have no obvious use for USA or Europe. More and more m oney, however, are being spent on popularizing several â€Å"strong† languages, such as English, Russian, and Chinese. Indeed, all the countries of the world are to some degree English-speaking. This is advantageous from economical and political points of view, and is bound to the experience of USSR, where the attempt to create a superpower started with accepting one unified language. The result of that policy, as well as of the one that is led today, is that the half of the world turns into one community with no certain culture, customs and traditions, but with one certain language to speak. Due to the mentioned facts, we should realize that the preservation of minor languages is a worthy idea. This mission is close to the attempts to preserve the diversity of the nature, saving all of its creatures, their families and creatures. Every language has a history, and no language was made up just for fun.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Supporting a language that is on the edge of extinction means saving its history with the underlying culture. After all, if there is a number of popular languages, there should also be some private ones, which should be able to express some very intimate and very native feelings of their speakers. All in all, it can be said that the intense process of modern globalization has led to the extinction of many minor languages. This process is hard to resist, however there is definitely a need for preserving the minor languages that still exist. Language policies aimed at supporting them should be treated as an attempt to save a piece of original culture, contained in a system of written and spoken signs. Popularizing the minor languages may be a purposeless task; however, their protection from dying out is extremely important. This essay on Extinction of minority languages was written and submitted by user Lilandra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Election of Byron Looper and Tommy Burks essays

The Election of Byron Looper and Tommy Burks essays In 1998, an election for state Senate ended up being the worst election that Tennessee had ever witnessed. Throughout the years, this election is the one that everyone will remember for a long time. Going through an election can be very stressful and hard, but nothing could give someone a reason to murder another person, to win an election. In 1998, there were many candidates running for election in October. One of the most popular elections that were going on at this time was the state senate. Two men by the names of Tommy Burks and Byron Looper were both in the race. Byron Looper was forty-seven years old with a wife and two kids. This was the first election he had ever run for, dealing with the state senate. At the age of fifty-eight, Tommy Burks served four terms in the state House of Representatives before being elected to the Senate in 1978 (Thompson 2). He was running for re-election to the Senate in the 1998 election. Senator Burks was respected for his honesty and hard wor k, both in his farming operation and his work in the state legislature. He was a 1963 graduate of Tennessee Technological University and had been honored by the University with awards. Tommy Burks also served as a director of the TTU Agriculture Foundation (Thompson 2). On October 19, 1998 State Senator Tommy Burks was murdered on a road on his farm just east of Monterey, TN., preparing to take a local school children on a field trip to his pumpkin patch (Fleming 1). Thus showing Tennessee how he cared about kids in the community and his love for his occupation. Tommy Burks, a longtime state legislator, was a farmer and was on his way to his barn, traveling along a road near the section of the large farm Where his daughter, Kim Blaylock, lives when he was shot to death. Senator Tommy Burks was found sitting in his Pickup truck on the road to the barn (Fleming 1). News agencies were reporting that Burks was shot twice, one in the chest, the other, i...

Constitution Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constitution Paper - Essay Example 3. â€Å"He has rejected his Assent to Statutes, the majorly wholesome and important for the civic good†. These remains tackled by the whole constitution through establishing the configuration of the state and in Article IV paragraph 2 â€Å"This constitution†¦ shall be the highest statute of the earth† 4. â€Å"He has forbidden his Governors to pass Statutes of instant and imperative significance, unless postponed in their function till his Assent must remain acquired†; and when so postponed, he has completely ignored to listen to them†. This remains handled through the listed powers in Article I section 8. It narrates what the state remains permitted to perform and in Amendments 9 and 10 where everything else remains preserved to the individuals and the governments. 5. â€Å"He has assembled collectively legislative organs at areas uncommon, uncomfortable, and far from the store of their civic Records for the one aim of tiring them into conformity w ith his steps†. This remains tackled through Article I Section 4 â€Å"The parliament shall meet at least one time annually, and such congregation must be on the earliest Monday in December, except they through statute select a varying day†. ... (At this moment, no restrain of periods had remained fixed). b. Assembly has the authority to lay and collect taxes and control trade with foreign countries, and within the governments. c. The judicial authority will remain vested in a single highest court and lower courts. d. To suggest modifications to the Constitution, two thirds of the two Houses vote to suggest a modification. To approve an alteration, three fourths of the government parliaments should endorse it. e. Assembly has the authority to form and promote military and navy, and to create policies and guidelines for the military and navy to stand by. The Great Compromise remained an accord made amongst the parties to the Constitutional Convention that the American state could have two houses in Assembly: the Senate where every government has double senators and the House of Representatives where every government has several Representatives founded on demography. Due to the Great Compromise of 1787, the Constitution offere d for crucially varying kinds of Representation in the House and Senate. Membership in the House remains relative to the demography of the government. The figure of Representatives to which every government remains permitted has determination each ten years following a countrywide poll, or head tally has remained taken. In the initial Assembly, every party to the House signified 30,000 constituents (Peterson, 2009). Through the 103rd Assembly, the middle House party signified almost 600,000 constituents. Initially, the figure of Representatives increased with every poll, from 105 the 1790 poll to 435 following the 1910 poll. Then Assembly solidified the figure at 435 to maintain the House at a controllable dimension. The

Analyzing a firm's current financing choices Assignment

Analyzing a firm's current financing choices - Assignment Example Walt Disney is one of the largest entertainment companies in the world. It was founded by two brothers Walt and Ray in 1923 with an initial objective of being a cartoon animation network. Since then the company has grown to become one of the largest studios of Hollywood. In addition, this company is one of the Dow Jones industrial average components. Finally, the company has expanded over the years and currently it has a number of subsidiaries e.g. Euro Disney and Hong Kong Disney. (disney.com,2008) From the balance sheet, we find the company has a common stock of 3.6 billion authorized shares with a par value of $0.1. From the authorized 2.6 billion shares were issued on 29th march, 2008 and 29th September, 2007. This makes the value of the company’s equity to be $26.546billion. In addition, the company has a preferred stock of 100 million authorized shares with a par value of $0.1. Walt Disney has not issued any of its preferred stock yet. There are significant differences between preferred stock and common stock. They include; On the other hand, for Walt Disney to fully finance its operations it has to have long-term and short-term debts. The long term debts include differed income taxes, borrowings, minority interests, and other unspecified long-term liabilities. To maintain short-term cash flow the company also has the following short-term debts; account payables and other unspecified accrued liabilities, current portion of borrowings and finally unearned royalties and other advances. Walt Disney like any other big company in United States has treasury stock of 780.3 million shares by 29th march, 2008. This is the stock that has been repurchased by the corporation from the public. The stock must be issued first, purchased by the public and paid for subsequently reacquired by the corporation, and cancelled or reissued. Treasury stock is not entitled to participate in dividend distribution and finally it does not have

Boys Alone Essay Example for Free

Boys Alone Essay A documentary focuses on and questions actual people and events, often in a social context, thus placing the audience in a position to form an opinion about whom or what we are seeing. They are entertaining, persuading and provoking us and mainly focus on one topic. There are many types of documentaries, they include reportage: The girl whos skin fell off. Reality: Big brother. Institutional: Jamies school dinners Docudramas: Supernanny Docusoaps: simple life and Nature: Big cat week Every documentary has the same codes and conventions, they are all factual, real life, informative, prove a point, include contextual information and they all have a narrator or a presenter. Documentaries have changed over time, they date back to the early newsreels and early films as many of the first films were short factual pieces about every day life. With the outbreak of the 1st world war documentaries took a different turn by being used as propaganda. Creative documentaries began to develop after the war, dramatic content was pulled from facts and information. These types of documentaries are similar to the documentaries that we know and watch today. Boys alone is a docudrama documentary, it combines elements of documentary and drama, to some extent showing real events. It is a documentary of an English social experiment in which 10 eleven-year old boys are invited to be home alone without adult supervision for a week in a suburban house. The film tests the common belief that a pack of boys left together in a house for a long period of time, will self-destruct, similar to Lord of the Flies. The documentary opens with the camera showing the house where the boys will be staying, it used techniques that show the calmness and tidiness of the house before the boys arrive, such as a low angle show to make the house look big, and a slow panning shot to sow the calmness. The narrator introduces us to the program and what it is about, he sets up the story. For example, he says The camera men will only step in cases of health and safety and that the boys have all had an intense first aid and cooking course and that they can ring a councillor that they have met prior to the show at anytime. This is contextual information. The narrator also begins to introduce us to some of the characters so we can begin to follow them on their journey. This makes us want to watch on, the narrator says that George was first to take a picture and that Daniel got the biggest water pistol. This makes us want to see why they did, and what there characters are like. The camera angles are very effective in the opening scene, when the boys enter the house there is a long shot and looking down. The boys are framed by the door, this in a way shows that they are small but it shows there importance. This makes us want to watch and see all of there personalities. The camera is hand held and begins to follow some of the boys paths of destruction around the house. There is a very effective camera angle/shot that is used when sim is at the table eating dinner alone. The camera is at the end of the long table making it look longer and emphasising the fact that sim is on his own. The camera also does 3 straight cuts of Sim on his own, each time there is a time at the bottom of scene, this makes us feel like sim is always on his own. This makes us feel sorry for him and want to watch on. Damilola is a reportage documentary; it shows us what happens in society. We talk to those involved and the witnesses. They show the story, instead of us telling the story like in the news. The documentary tells us the story and shows us what happened to Damilola Taylor, the 10 year old Nigerian born boy, who was brutally murdered in cold blood not long before he came to England. This documentary is aimed at everyone who has heard of the murder or people who want to find out what happened, and why no one had been charged. The documentary opens with Damilolas parents, teachers and friends talking about him and giving there opinions. You are given an introduction to his personality, you see home video clips of him looking happy and having fun. They say that he is a Jumpy, jumpy boy and that he wanted to learn at school The use of handheld cameras are effective, they are home videos of him, dancing and playing with friends to reinforce the fact that he is a young, happy and innocent boy. The opening scene draws us to it and makes us feel sorry for him, we want to find out why he died, and why there was no justice. The camera angles such as a mid shot and panning shot of the stairwell where Damilola was killed and his parents were included to make us feel empathy and attract audience attention. The narrator, a Caucasian male in his 30s, gives the audience a human figure to relate to. He gives us lots of information about Damilola being a lovely boy and then bluntly tells us that he was killed and there was no justice. This attracts us to the documentary and makes us want to watch on. The documentary maker paints a picture of Damilolas life, by always commenting on how he was such a nice boy quick to make friends, his dad was said to be a respected middleclass man who works for the government in Nigeria. Damilolas farther said that Damilola dreamed of coming to England and university, and that his farther didnt want him to go. This makes us attracted and want to watch on as it makes us want to learn about what his life might have been like or why he was killed. The music is haunting and eerie, and the editing includes cuts between Damilola happy in Nigeria and the murder scene in Peckham, these are two codes and conventions of a documentary that attract the audience attention. The opening scenes of the two documentaries are different, but alike in a few ways. They both have some kind of a narrator. Damilola has a narrator, but boys alone has narration, where you do not see the person narration, you do not have a human figure to relate to. Boys alone opens with the narrator telling the audience about the program and informing them, where as Damilola has a much stronger opening, it goes straight into talking to his parent and friends, and the narrator introduces us to Damilola gradually after that. The Damilola opening does not need to use framing of handheld cameras to create interest. The audience have chosen to watch the documentary to find out more so they are already interested. This is a contrast to the Boys alone documentary, the title is not as self explanatory as Damilola Taylor so it is in the opening of the documentary a lot of information about what they are about to view is needed, but not too much to give it all away and make the viewer not want to watch on. In a documentary it is one thing to attract an audiences attention, but to sustain it is a lot harder. A mixture of editing, music, narration, story line and contextual information is needed to keep an audience watching. In Boys alone the audience attention was sustained by using the reactions of the characters, the flow of the story line, the narration and the good camera angles. From the beginning of the documentary a story line began to form, the boys quickly introduced themselves and we begun to see the stronger and weaker boys, emotionally and mentally, become separated. In any group of boys, fierce hierarchies will quickly form. The strongest and most assertive will survive; the most sensitive and vulnerable will suffer. The boys elect George as a leader and the camera begins to follow the weaker boys on an emotional battle against there peers. Using clever camera angles and editing Sim is portrayed as the quiet and less assertive one. For example the boys gang up on him and say that he isnt doing any house work, so he does the washing up, but he does it two nights in a row. The editing is effective at this point as it shows us sim doing the washing and then straight cuts to the other boys having fun and then back to him an hour later still doing the washing up. The narrator informs us of the time that he is standing at the sink. The narrator is again after portraying sim as the outcast, very effective. He makes us feel like there is war raging between the two groups of boys in the house that have been formed. The quiet boys and the loud boys who seem to rule the house. He makes us want to watch on a there is a war developing, he portrays the boys as out of control, he says the boys decide to play a game of hunt the hedgehog, the camera men decide to intervene. And also this is a war zone and war has been declared between the two bedrooms this is very effective as it makes us want to watch on and see how the fighting and arguments develop, and whether the boys resolve it or not. Cliff hangers are used very effectively in this documentary. When the narrator says war has been declared between the two bedrooms it then cuts to the break. This draws us in and makes us want to watch on, then there is a break and it makes us carry on watching and stops us from turning over. This is sustaining our attention. After a week together, when the experiment is finished, they return to their parents who are incredulous at what happened. The house has been trashed and the boys are physically and emotionally exhausted. The boys seem to be proud of what they have done the house, but the parents are shocked. The camera has many close ups of parents reaction to what their child got up to, this sustains our information right to the end. In the Damilola documentary there is a lot of recurrent themes, the narrator emphasises on how innocent and kind he was, and a picture of damilola in his school uniform comes up on the camera regularly, also another one if him is shown a few times, the picture is taken at a high angle shot and this emphasises the fact that he is small and innocent. After each of those pictures is show, the screen is faded to black to show that he is not there anymore. This is very effective editing as it reinforces to us that he is gone, and his innocent life has been taken. The documentary has several distinct sections which follow the stages of his life. The sections make us keep on watching because we keep learning lots more things. For example the untouchables scene is put before damilolas last day and his death; this is because the documentary maker wants us to have hatred for the untouchables. A girl is interviewed about a run in she had with the gang and editing is used to cover her face. This makes us feel that she is so scared of them. She says we all knew who done it after we here about the untouchables we then hear about him dying and we feel anger towards them. This sustains our attention as we want to see what happens to them. The memorial section is put before the justice section so we see how upset the family are and them we hear that there is no justice and we are shocked. We have become emotionally attached to his family and want justice for them. The Nigeria section is out before the untouchables section to contrast the two ways of life. The narrator meets a nice family who talk about Damilola and his friendship with the children, afterwards the camera cuts outside, it is raining and there is a view of the city, it is dark and looks peaceful. There is a panning shot upwards of the clear sky; calm music is playing as we feel that damilola is safe now. This still makes us want to watch on as we want to see to the end. The two documentaries are both different in how they sustain our attention. Boys alone have a story which we follow but Damilola can show us the story in any order, but linking the sections together to make it interesting and to sustain our attention. The editing is similar, boys alone makes us feel like all the mess is Michael, by having lots of straight cuts of him and in Damilola it gives us lots of facts and shows us all the bad things about the untouchables and then shows us how damilola died. In both situations we feel like the person we see is the culprit. The two documentaries are both very effective, it lots of different ways. Camera angles and editing enphasize things that we already no and that the narrator is telling us. The music brings the pictures to life and we feel the mood that is being portrayed at the time. I feel that the Damilola Taylor essay is more effective because of the sections that the documentary is split into. They could have been put in any order but the film maker has chosen one that sustains the audience the most. They make the audience see things and then see the result and this makes them angry and upset, this draws them into the documentary because they want to see whats going the happen and be the result. Boys alone is a docudrama so thins have to run the way the story is running, but the film maker tries to get round this by cutting out bits and making others look like they happened in quick succession, for example making Michael look like he has done all the mess and made a mess for a long time and all day, by using straight cuts.

Forgiveness in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Forgiveness in The Scarlet Letter "Time heals all wounds." is a famous line in American history. I don't think that this is true. My line would be, "Forgiveness heals all wounds." I think that Forgiveness in a very important part of life. Without it, people can not move on with their lives. Let's take for instance a murderer and the family of the person he killed. The murderer may be sentenced to death. The family of the person who was killed could go in and watch the man that killed their family member be put to death. That may give them peace of mind, but they still can not completely move on. They must forgive murderer for killing the person before they can really move on with their lives. Once they do this it will be easier for them. A book that really illustrated this is The Scarlet Letter. In this book there are three main characters, Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, and Roger Chillingworth. These three people either needed forgiveness or needed to forgive someone. Some got it, some didn't. Whether or not they received or gave forgiveness had a great impact in their lives. Arthur Dimmesdale was a Reverend. He was supposed to be a great, God fearing person. He was supposed to never break a rule and be the kind of person everyone wanted to be. The only problem was that Dimmesdale had sinned, and it had been a horrible sin. He had slept with a married woman, and she ended up pregnant. This married woman was Hester Prynne. He needed forgiveness from everyone else before he could forgive himself. Dimmesdale couldn't tell anyone what he had done because he could have been put to death for it. He was too afraid of everyone else's reaction to tell them what he person had done. Therefore he could not receive forgiveness. This sin ate away at Dimmesdale till he couldn't live anymore. All this happened because he couldn't receive forgiveness from the people of his community and himself. Hester Prynne had been sent to Boston with reports of her husband to follow. After about a year she got kind of lonely. She wasn't sure is he even was going to come to her.

Malaysian Economics

2 – CAUSES OF INEQUALITY OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION 2. 1 Differences in education During the British rule, each ethnic group also generally experienced different education systems. Most Malays were educated in the government school system located in the rural areas that used the Malay language as the medium of instruction. The Chinese on the other hand sent their children to the Chinese medium schools, which mere established by Chinese voluntary associations.Nevertheless , the elite segment of each ethnic group generally sent their children to the English medium schools located in the urban areas, where the quality of education was far better than the rural Malay-medium school. Furthermore, most secondary and tertiary education was available in the urban areas with English as the medium of instruction. Those who were educated at the English medium schools tended to gain positions in the civil service, commerce, business, and professions. Since most of the Malays were educated in t he rural Malay medium schools, this indirectly limited their upward social mobility. . 2 Differences in skills Since Malay only received the education from government school in rural areas, the skills were limited. Lack of skills and knowledge were the factors of unemployed. This will worsened the situation of poverty and income disparities between the ethnic groups. Sectoral employment of Bumiputera and non-Bumiputera (%) in peninsular Malaysia, 1970. Sector| Bumiputera| Non-Bumiputera| Primary| 67. 6| 32. 4| Secondary| 30. 8| 69. 2| Tertiary| 37. 9| 62. 1| Notes: Primary (agriculture)Secondary (mining, manufacturing, construction, utilities, and transport) Tertiary (wholesale and retail trade, finance, government, and other services) 3. 3 Differences in access to capital A majority of non-malays are usually found to be living in the southern and western states of Malaysia , such as Pulau Penang and Kedah. These states form modern urban sectors and also modern rural sectors which a re playing the important roles in the economic activities. On the other hand, the Malays lived in the northern states of Malaysia, and they are indeed in the traditional rural sector.This imbalanced development had result the imbalance capital gain among the ethnic groups. Wealth Decomposition by Asset Classes in 2007 Asset Classes| Bumiputera| Chinese| Indian| Savings| 567| 2 795| 1 026| Investment Assets| 1 853| 4 629| 2 058| Financial Assets| 2 419| 7 423| 3 083| Real Estate| 70 453| 120 903| 84 146| Wealth| 72 873| 128 326| 87 229| 3. 4 Differences in unemployment pattern The supply of skilled manpower in their own field is the main problem in employment restructuring. Despite the limited success of bumiputera students, the presence of skilled and qualified bumiputera workers and professionals are inadequate.A few factors that contribute to this problem are such like limited accessibility to modern educational facilities and quality educational or even low family income. Bumiput era are mainly attracted to the public sector and lately the bumiputera states the record for having the highest employment rate among malay university graduates. Although the manufacturing sectors display a tremendously high rate or malay labor force, most of them are employed in the lower level or non-manegerial level of occupations.

This is a presentation on Diction and Syntax for Charles...

Chapter 1 Infant tongue Denotation- Infant means newborn, or new, while tongue means the organ the human body uses when it speaks. Connotations- What Dickens could try to mean in this small passage is that he doesnt have the mastery that he should have over his tongue because he is very young and doesnt know much about the world. Simple Sentence Declarative Sentence It relates to the theme of social class, because Pip is a poor young boy at the time. Being a from the poor class, he doesnt know how to talk in the dignified matter that the richer classes speak in. (Page 9, Paragraph 1) Freckled and Sickly Denotation-Freckled means that there are dark spots on ones face. Sickly means sick looking, or not healthy. Connotations-†¦show more content†¦Complex Sentence Imperative Sentence The central theme of social class plays a role in this sentence. The person speaking seems to be of a higher class than Pip, and say a person who looked just like Pip, but only of a higher class. (Page 27, Paragraph 2) Chapter 4 And where the deuce ha you been? Denotation- The word deuce means to tie in tennis, or a two spotted playing card. The sentence might mean And where have you been? Connotation- None Compound Sentence Interrogative Sentence This relates to the theme of social class because it shows how the lower class used some slang, and Dickens portrays this by letting his characters use slang throughout the book. (Page 29, Paragraph 2) A Slave Denotation- A person who works for no pay. Connotation- Dickens tries to show how the lower class slaved along, usually working many days without pay. Complex Sentence Declarative Sentence A slave is often the lowest on any social class scale. This relates to the theme of social class. (Page 29, Paragraph 4) Cleanliness is next to Godliness Denotation- Cleanliness means being clean, Godliness means being like a god the sentence could mean that if you are clean, you are like a god. Connotation- Dickens tries to portray how cleanliness was important to people at his time. Simple Sentence Declarative

Private Schools Vs. Public Schools - 1406 Words

Everyone knows that private school is more expensive than public school, but has it ever occurred to you why it is like this? Private schools are not just trying to take your money, they are just trying to provide a quality education, without the government funding that public schools get. The tuition money goes to very important things; high quality teachers, better resources and the overall quality and stability of the institution. It is true that private school tuition is expensive, but private schools have been proven to be more orderly and safe, have more engaged teachers, better equipped for religious and special needs, and students have better test scores and are better prepared for college and the rest of life. Private schools are known for setting high standards, engaging students, and sparking the desire to learn. If the standards are set high, the students will work hard to reach them. Private school students generally perform higher than public school students on standar dized achievement tests. In the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), private school students scored well above the national average. (CAPE | Council for American Private Education. CAPE) Private schools do a great job challenging their students to stretch their capacity; they require more courses for graduation than public schools in math, science, social studies, foreign language, and computer sciences. Requiring more courses for graduation may seem like a lot of work, but itShow MoreRelatedPrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthink of private schools they often think of a quality of education that cannot be found in a public school. Private school education is thought of to be so thorough and innovative that public vouchers are given to individuals just to attend. Many parents could rest easier at night if their kids could attend private school because for generations it has been drilled into the psyche of many that going to private school is a sure way to have a good future. In actuality however, private schools are notRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1428 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy in private schools, which almost represents the fifth of students in Saudi Arabia. Although a lot of families prefer to make their children study in private school, that does not mean they are completely satisfied about the schools’ quality and their children’ achievement (Al-Hagbani, 2013). Nevertheless, they still enroll their children in private schools, believing they will benefit more from studying in private schools than public schools. In addition, some parents believe that private schoolsRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1207 Words   |  5 PagesAn Introduction of the Topic Private schools differ from public schools for many different reasons. The major difference is that the government, unlike private schools that are privately funded, funds public schools. Another difference would be that the private schools have more flexibility on what they can teach because the government does not fund them. One other difference that is very prevalent is the social goals of schooling. This topic is a very important issue that many parents struggle withRead MorePrivate Schools Vs. Public Schools998 Words   |  4 Pagesnation. People today might say that private schools are superior to public schools, saying that they are safer and a better environment to learn in. Some might say that a private school is a way of sheltering your child and not letting them experience opportunities and face many problems to learn from. There are many positives and negatives to both sides; it mainly depends on whom you are talking to. Some parents might want their child to go to a pri vate school because the class size is smaller andRead MorePublic Schools vs. Private Schools1027 Words   |  4 Pagesare things to consider before choosing to send your child to a public school or private school. Perhaps doing so would be much easier if you would take the time to research the differences between the two. Public schools are better than private schools because of the diversity, funding and extracurricular activities available. Eileen Gale Kugler, a national advocate for diverse schools, wrote an article about how the diversity in schools makes academic and social improvements. She recalls a memoryRead More Private Schools vs. Public Schools870 Words   |  4 PagesChoosing between a public or a private school for one’s education is as important as deciding where to invest one’s hard-earned money—the consequences influence one’s life forever. In the United States, it is the law for every child to be educated. However, the decision as to where to go for one’s education is up to each individual. There is a great deal of debate as to which is the better option: for-profit private schools or one’s local public school. Ultimately, the decision is made regardingRead MorePrivate Schools vs. Public Schools 1081 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever attended a private institution? What was your experience like? Think back and compare it to your ideal public school, which on e happens to pale in comparison? Public schools, which are controlled by the government, and heavily influenced, by politicians and privateers, hurt your children, not allowing them to reap the full benefits of their growing mind. â€Å"Our schools have been scientifically designed to prevent over-education from happening. The average American [should be] contentRead MorePrivate School Vs. 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There are some factors to consider when choose a private school education over a public one. Many times, the private schools are religious are having certain beliefsRead MorePublic Schools Vs. Private Schools1638 Words   |  7 Pageshaving children many parents question which school system is better suited for their kids and which aspect is more important, convenience or quality education? Some people believe the public schools provide the same education but at a lower cost. Tooley, Dixon, and Gomathi state â€Å"many assume that private education is concerned only with serving the privileged, so is irrelevant to concerns about extending access to the poor.† Although there are some private schools that are expensive, most are affordable

Marketing Plan For The Odor Shield s Business Plan

This paper illustrates the core concepts that are involved in the making and implementation of the Odor-Shield’s business plan, which is Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely (S.M.A.R.T.) as well as identifying the opportunities, and the initiative taken to construct something different and innovative on the market, a new business venture concept to provide a fragrance filled disposable apparel that eliminates body odor. This business plan contains the identification of the company’s target market; strategies to penetrate the target market, industry analysis, marketing plan, effective pricing strategy, and operational plan of the company in its early stages, and potential financial challenges the company may face in the future. (I) THE BUSINESS Company’s vision: To make Odor-Shield a benefit to hardworking men and women in the fight against body odor Mission statement: The scent of your body is our priority. We strive to provide you a safe, fragrance filled quality product to eliminate body order at an affordable price Company’s goal: To make Odor-Shield a well known and user friendly product in the physical security industry in three years (II) Objective The objectives that Odor- Shield Inc. intends to focus its strategy on increasing the following by percentages: - Increasing market share by 5% - Increasing repeat purchase by 10% - Increasing volume of sales in the US by 6% Increasing Odor- Shield’s market share by 5%: Since the company is entering aShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmoney From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSingapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik ArtRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesUNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Acquisitions Editor: Kim Norbuta Editorial Project Manager: Claudia Fernandes Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Marketing Manager: Nikki

Taking Care of Soldiers free essay sample

Taking care of Soldiers Your key challenge in a leadership position is taking care of the Soldiers entrusted to your care. Soldiers are our nation’s most important military asset. The Leader who sends the message that Soldiers don’t really matter will generally not be as successful in the long-run as the Leader who is genuinely serious about taking care of his/her Soldiers. Soldiers want to know they will be taken care of. The Army Values and attributes of LDRSHIP are taught by Drill Sergeants to all our Soldiers. These values should be reinforced at every training event. The LDRSHIP training is based on core American Values. These values say those at the top look out for those at the bottom. Using this same basic American value, unit leaders are tasked with having the responsibility for those they lead. This responsibility extends to three areas: work, home, and life. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking Care of Soldiers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When a Leader takes care of his Soldiers he sends a clear message, â€Å"I care about you, I respect you and I want you to be OK†. In response Leaders gain increased loyalty from Soldiers based on mutual respect. The thought process for the Soldier goes like this, â€Å"If I know you care about me, I will care about you and what you want done. However, if you don’t care about me then I will not care about you and I certainly will not care about what you are trying to accomplish nor will I work very hard to help you accomplish it. † With respect Soldiers will go out of their way for you. Without respect they will make sure that your important work always ends up at the bottom of the stack. Your challenge as a Leader is to adhere to this fundamental principle; that you must find ways to take care of your Soldiers. Do not lower your standards. It is not acceptable to encourage poor performance. In fact, the Leader who overlooks poor performance is compromising his/her integrity. Leaders should treat Soldiers as adults and expect the best from them. Leaders should work to give Soldiers the best training environment they can, and Leaders should implement timely and proper corrective action when necessary. Leaders should want to take care of Soldiers, and conversely, Soldiers should want to take care of their Leaders. This care extends to understanding what Solders are facing at their civilian job and at their homes. Ultimately, this Soldier care will result in better performance of the unit, and the satisfaction of a job well done. Taking care of Soldiers is one of the fundamental responsibilities of Leadership. It requires deliberate and intentional effort, and sometimes the efforts will seem like they are for nothing. That is not a reason to stop doing it. The return on investment of your time and money in taking care of Soldiers is very high. Some of this return is quantifiable, as in high unit retention rates and higher overall training numbers. Some of it is not as quantifiable as in high unit esprit-de-corps. It is easy to write off problematic Soldiers, but it far too difficult to replace them. Leaders should work on creating an environment where Soldiers want to stay, and where Soldiers want to make a positive contribution to the unit. Remember what works and keep doing it. The bottom line is that taking care of Soldiers is about setting a standard, and helping Soldiers achieve that standard. â€Å"A man does not have himself killed for a half-pence a day or for a petty distinction. You must speak to the soul in order to electrify him Napoleon Bonaparte†

The Human Resource Audit as an Improvement Tool - Essay free essay sample

Tool Regardless of the type of company or the size of your HER department, the HER Audit is a simple, yet comprehensive tool to analyze and improve your effectiveness as a function. The audit is made up of four main steps: 1) Define desired HER practices for your organization 2) Assess current practices against the criterion that you have established 3) Analyze the results 4) Establish Improvement goals and take action This simple four-step approach can be repeated as the annual planning and goal setting process occurs within your company.Progress can be measured against goals and a continuous improvement cycle naturally unfolds. Purpose(s) of an Audit The audit can serve any of the following purposes: To clarify desired practices of HER work and roles within the organization (HER Department, Line Managers). To establish a baseline for future Improvement. To evaluate current effectiveness. To standardize practices across multiple sites within a division or company. We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Resource Audit as an Improvement Tool Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To assess current knowledge and skills required of HER practitioners. To improve performance levels to key customers within the organization.The Audit Process Step OneDefining Audit Statements Definition of desired HER practices can occur through in a variety of ways. A good starting point Is to take some time and reflect on the legal requirements and programs that the department must administer. Simply listing them Is a good first step. Next, consider your areas of responsibility and traditional HER practices covered by your function: They may include HER Planning, Staffing, Performance Management, Employee Relations, Compensation and Benefits, Training and Development, Safety ND Wellness, Employee Surveys, and Communications.Finally, other areas to consider are company Initiatives that the HER function may be required to support, I. E. Internal customer requirements. Specifics are unique to your company, but examples could Include supporting a Total Quality Management Initiative, Team Based work System, etc. With this list in hand, a statement can be written about each major practice that you want to define. Typically, they are stated in the present tense and in a positive manner.The following examples illustrate these traits: The staffing recess is documented so that the responsibility of each person in the process is clear and understood. Performance appraisals are completed for each employee in the organization. There Is a train-the-trainer program for each major training program within the company. New employees complete a new hire orientation program of key company policies and procedures within the first 30 days of work. There is an issue resolution process that is well understood and used by employees. As you may notice, definitions can be as complete or detailed, as the developer desires. In starting out, It Is better to make more general statements and improve summary, you may as many as 60-70 statements depending upon size of your company and the level of detail that you prefer to measure. Regardless of the number, you are developing a description of the level and quality of performance you desire for the Human Resource function. Step TwoAssessing Current Practices With the list of statements completed, the assessing current practices requires you to be objective.A good approach is to look for evidence that supports or refutes each statement made. Evidence may take the form of policies and procedures, output from employee surveys, interviews with key customers, data collection from a Human Resource Information System, reports issued to regulatory departments, statistics, etc. The first time the assessment is made, it may become apparent that the definition in step one needs impr ovement or modification. These changes should be noted and made a part of the next improvement cycle. As you review the summary of statements and your assessment, there are several analysis that can help. Step ThreeAnalyze the Results It is important to recognize strengths and opportunities for improvement. As results are reviewed, themes will emerge around specific HER areas. For example, one company may be very strong in administration and managing legal requirements. On the other hand, it may need improvement in developing higher-level systems definition. Another company may be very strong in areas Safety, Security, and Training, but need improvement in Communication practices that run across the company. Reviewing the data in a variety of perspectives is helpful to formulate a stricture of overall HER performance against the audit. It can reflect the positive effect of actions taken in previous years as well as provide information for future actions. It may become apparent that all definitions are not equal in importance The effort required to meet the definition is one factor to consider. For example, having performance appraisals for all employees may require significant effort. On the other hand, if you already have a good new hire orientation program in place, that definition is more easily met.The contribution that meeting a definition may have to he organization is another factor to consider. For example, supporting a company initiative like Total Quality Management may be more meaningful to the organization at this point in time than other statements. In summary, the purpose of analysis is to sort through the areas of strength and opportunities for improvement in order to take positive action steps to improve the effectiveness of the HER function. Step Four Establish Improvement Goals and Take Action The ideal time to complete an audit is Just prior to the annual planning process.With audit information in hand, you can be poised to take advantage of your insights into setting next years goals. There are two aspects of setting goals: maintenance of current good practices and development of improved practices. Knowing the capacity and capability of the HER department and system is critical in developing a realistic plan. Good practices need to become a part of the HER system and baked in, so that they occur in a reliable, predictable fashion. Once a process or program has reached that level, then future development can occur more effectively. With little discretionary time available, it is prudent to review the analysis of step three and decide which one or two areas will provide the greatest overall improvement for the goals are established for the next year. This is the point in the audit process, where definitions are reviewed and modified to create a new and improved vision of the HER system as you wish it to be. Doing this on an annual basis allows practices to be improved and benefits shared. Examples of improved HER measures using the Audit Process: OSHA incident ratesDevelopment and sharing of Total Compensation Philosophy Reduction in throughput time of filling open positions Employee turnover rate HER customer survey results % of training time/employee Reduction in throughput time of administrative requests Self funding variable compensation strategies Employee survey results Succession/replacement planning Business results Summary The HER Audit can be a powerful lever of change in your department and organizati on. In one sense it is simple, in that each step can be completed fairly quickly and with ease.Also, the degree of detail and definition of performance is within the control of the audit developer. At time passes, the Audit enriches itself through better definition development and higher levels of performance expectations. It takes on a systems approach because it is comprehensive, inclusive of all traditional HER practices, yet accommodating to the uniqueness of company cultures and business initiatives. Finally, it moves HER professionals into an active state of defining their direction, making sense of their choices, and contributing to the business in a more definitive way.

Financial Institutions Essay Example

Financial Institutions Essay International Technological University FINN 918 Financial Institutions Final Exam: Answers Textbook:  Foundations of Financial Markets and Institutions, 4th Edition, Fabozzi, Modigliani, and Jones, Prentice Hall, 2010,| ISBN –13: 978-0-13613531-9| ISBN –10: 0-13-613531-5| 1. Indicate whether each of the following instruments trades in the money market or the capital market: a. General Motors Acceptance Corporation issues a financial instrument with four months to maturity. b. The U. S. Treasury issues a security with 10 years to maturity. c. Microsoft Corporation issues common stock. d. The State of Alaska issues a financial instrument with eight months to maturity. e. GMAC issue trades in the money market. f. U. S. security trades in the capital market. g. Microsoft stock trades in the capital market. h. State of Alaska security trades in the money market. 2. Give three reasons for the trend toward greater integration of financial markets throughout the world. There are several reasons. These include: a. Deregulation and/or liberalization of financial markets to permit greater participants from other countries; b. Technological innovations to provide globally-available information and to speed transactions; c. Institutionalization financial institutions are better able to diversify portfolio and exploit mis-pricings than are individuals. 3 Why does increased volatility in financial markets with respect to the price of financial assets, interest rates, and exchange rates foster financial innovation? Increased volatility of the prices of financial assets has fostered innovation as investors and institutions seek ways to mitigate financial risk. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Institutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Institutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Institutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Among other things, these innovations include the advancement of the modern derivatives markets. Chapter 2 1. Each year, millions of American investors pour billions of dollars into investment companies, which use those dollars to buy the common stock of other companies. What do the investment companies offer investors who prefer to invest in the investment companies rather than buying the common stock of these other companies directly? In investing funds with the investment companies, investors are reducing their risk via diversification and the cost of contracting and information. These companies also provide liquidity to the investor. 2. a. Why is the term hedge to describe â€Å"hedge funds† misleading? b. Where is the term hedge fund described in the U. S. securities laws? a. Hedge denotes hedging risk. Many hedge funds, however, do not use hedge as a strategy, and these funds take significant risk in their attempt to achieve abnormal returns. b. The term is not described in US securities laws, and hedge funds are not regulated by the SEC. 3. Some hedge funds will refer to their strategies as â€Å"arbitrage strategies. † Why would this be misleading? Arbitrage means riskless profit. These opportunities are few and fleeting. Hedge funds take great risk. The arbitrage typically taken is where there is a disparity between the risk and the return, such as pricing disparities across markets. Chapter 3 1. What is the Basel Committee for Bank Supervision? a. What do the two frameworks, Basel I and Basel II, published by the Basel Committee for Bank Supervision, address regarding banking? a. It is the organization that plays the primary role in establishing risk and management guidelines for banks throughout the world. b. The frameworks set forth minimum capital requirements and standards. 2. Explain each of the following: a. reserve ratio b. required reserves a. The reserve ratio is the percentage of deposits a bank must keep in a non-interest-bearing account at the Fed. b. Required reserves are the actual dollar amounts based on a given reserve ratio. 3. How did the Glass-Steagall Act impact the operations of a bank? The Glass-Steagall Act prohibited banks from carrying out certain activities in the securities markets, which are principal investment banking activities. It also prohibited banks from engaging in insurance activities. Chapter 4 1. What is the role of a central bank? The role of a central bank has several functions: risk assessment, risk reduction, oversight of payment systems, and crisis management. It can do this through monetary policies, and through the implementation of regulations. 2. Why is it argued that a central bank should be independent of the government? Central banks should be independent of the short-term political interests and political influences generally in setting economic policies. 3. What is the discount rate, and to what type of action by a bank does it apply? The discount rate is the rate a bank pays to borrow at the â€Å"discount window† of the Fed. Such borrowings are often undertaken to meet temporary liquidity needs. Bank needs are monitored and the Fed likes to state that borrowing from it is a â€Å"privilege and not a right. † 4. a. What is an open market purchase by the Fed? b. Which unit of the Fed decides on open market policy, and what unit implements that policy? c. What is the immediate consequence of an open market purchase? a. An open market purchase by the Fed consists of the purchase of U. S. Treasury securities. . The FOMC decides on open market policy and directs the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to implement it through sales and purchases of these securities. c. The immediate consequence of an open market purchase is to supply the seller of the security with a check on the Federal Reserve System that he can deposit in his bank, thereby immediately increasing the excess reserves and thus nation’ s money supply. Chapter 5 1. Why is it impossible for the Fed to target, at the same time, both the Fed funds interest rate and the level of reserves in the banking system? An increase in reserves should have an opposite effect on interest rates (a decrease in rates as banks have more reserves to lend). However, the interest rate is a function of both the supply of money and the public’s demand for money. It is thus possible for an increase in reserves to be met by an increase in the demand to hold money; hence no decrease in interest rate levels. In like manner, when an interest rate is the target, the Fed must let the growth in reserves vary as it strives to keep certain levels of interest rates. 2. It is often said that you cannot hit two targets with one arrow. How does this comment apply to the use of monetary policy to â€Å"stabilize the economy†? Often there are countervailing effects of the Fed’s actions. As seen, the Fed must choose either a short-term rate or the level of some reserves and cannot choose to target both kinds of variables as an operating target. The Fed can stimulate an economy through a reduction in interest rates, but such stimulation could lead to inflation or bubbles. As well, dampening unsustainable growth can be achieved, but such actions can lead to recession. . Describe the differences and similarities of the conduct of Chairmen Greenspan and Bernanke in managing Fed policy. Up until the mortgage and crisis, Bernanke mostly maintained Greenspan’s policies, but he was viewed as being more open with respect to communications about the Fed’s policy and FOMC meetings. Additionally, Bernanke was expected to advocate a more q uantitative approach to policy as opposed to Greenspan’s subjective, eclectic approach Chapter 7 1. An investment company has $1. 05 million of assets, $50,000 of liabilities, and 10,000 shares outstanding. a. What is its NAV? b. Suppose the fund pays off its liabilities while at the same time the value of its assets double. How many shares will a deposit of $5,000 receive? a. Net asset value = (Total assets minus liabilities) / numbers of shares = 1,050,000 – 50,000 = $100 10,000 b. Net asset value = 2,100,000 – 0 = $210 10,000 No of shares = 5000 = 23. 81 shares. 210 2. â€Å"The NAV of an open-end fund is determined continuously throughout the trading day. † Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement. Disagree. NAV of open-ended fund is the closing price of the day 3. Why might the price of a share of a closed-end fund diverge from its NAV? The price of closed-end funds may differ from NAV (often at a discount) because the fund has a large built-in tax liabilities and investors are discounting the share’s price for future tax liabilities. Leverage may be another factor for price below NAV. 4. What is an index fund? An index fund e. g. Fidelity Magellan and Vanguard Samp;P 500 are mutual funds, which invests in stocks included in Samp;P 500, and aim to achieve its performance to the benchmark Samp;P500 returns 5. What are the advantages of an ETF relative to open-end and closed-end investment companies? As said earlier, price is continuously changing during the trading period. 6. Briefly describe the following in the context of mutual funds: a. supermarket b. wrap program c. segregated managed accounts d. family of funds a. Supermarkets: The introduction of the first mutual fund supermarket in 1992 by Charles Schwab amp; Co. introduced its One Source service. These supermarkets allow investors to purchase funds from participating companies without investors having to contact each fund company. b. Wrap program: Wrap accounts are managed accounts, typically mutual funds â€Å"wrapped† in a service package. The service provided is often asset allocation counsel; that is advice on the mix of managed funds. c. Segregated managed accounts: are in response to individuals who object to mutual funds because of their lack of control over taxes and other investment decisions. Many investors with medium-size portfolio are utilizing segregated accounts. d. Family of funds: In the U. S. system, a family of funds consists of an investment company that offers several different funds. In Japan the family fund allows investors to buy new certificates in a grouping of existing unit trusts. Chapter 9 1. Suppose you own a bond that pays $75 yearly in coupon interest and that is likely to be called in two years (because the firm has already announced that it will redeem the issue early). The call price will be $1,050. What is the price of your bond now, in the market, if the appropriate discount rate for this asset is 9%? PO = $75 (PVIFA) 2. 09 + $1050 (PVIF) 2. 09 =$75 X 1. 7591 + $1050 X . 8417 = $1015. 72 2. You have been considering a zero-coupon bond, which pays no interest but will pay a principal of $1,000 at the end of five years. The price of the bond is now $712. 99, and its required rate of return is 7. 0%. This morning’s news contained a surprising development. The government announced that the rate of inflation appears to be 5. 5% instead of the 4% that most people had been expecting. (Suppose most people had thought the real rate of interest was 3%. ) What would be the price of the bond, once the market began to absorb this new information about inflation? The nominal required rate of return is (real rate plus inflation) ir + if or currently 3% plus 4% = 7%. If if becomes 5. % then the new required rate of return becomes 8. 5%. The price of the bond would then be $1000/(1. 085)5 or $665. 05. 3. What is the cash flow of a 6% coupon bond that pays interest annually, matures in seven years, and has a principal of $1,000? a. Assuming a discount rate of 8%, what is the price of this bond? b. Assuming a discount rate of 8. 5%, what is the price of this bond? c. Assuming a discount rate of 7. 5%, what is the price of this bond? d. What is the duration of this bond, assuming that the price is the one you calculated in part (b)? e. If the yield changes by 100 basis points, from 8% to 7%, by how much would you approximate the percentage price change to be using your estimate of duration in part (e)? f. What is the actual percentage price change if the yield changes by 100 basis points? a. $60 a year interest for 7 years plus $1000 principal in year 7 for a total of $1420 in cash flow. b. 5. 2064 X $60 + . 583 X $1000 = $895. 38 c. 5. 119 X $60 + . 565 X $1000 = $872. 14 d. 5. 297 X $60 + . 603 X $1000 = $920. 82 e. D = $920-. 82-$872. 14 =$48. 68/8. 95=5. 44 $895. 38 (0. 85-. 075) f. Applying the formula-D (change in yield) = -5. 44 (. 01) or a price increase of 5. 42%. g. Price at 8% =$895. 88, at 7% = $946. 06, so actual percentage change is ($946. 06 $895. 88)/$895. 88=5. 6%. Chapter 10 1. How do the assets, money, and bonds differ in Keynes’s liquidity preference theory? a. How does a change in income affect the equilibrium level of the interest rate in Keynes’s theory? b. How does a change in the money supply affect that rate? a. Money (as demand deposits and cash) is considered the liquid asset that serves as a medium of exchange and a store of value. Such funds pay little or no interest. Bonds are not as liquid and do pay some interest. b. In Keynesian theory, the rate of interest is determined by the demand to hold money (liquidity preference) and the money supply. An increase in income will lead to an increase in the demand for transactions purposes; hence an increase in the equilibrium rate of interest. c. An increase in the money supply will initially create a situation where more money exists than public wish to hold. They will then use these excess funds for investments, driving down interest rates. 2. Consider three bonds, all with a par value of $1,000: Bond| Coupon Rate| Market Price| A| 8%| $1,100| B| 7| 900| C| 9| 1,000| a. What is the yield to maturity of bond C? b. Is the yield to maturity of bond A greater than or less than 8%? c. Is the yield to maturity of bond B greater than or less than 9%? a. The yield to maturity of bond C is 9% because its market price is equal to the par value. b. The yield to maturity of bond A is less than 8% since it is selling at a premium over par. An investor will get the 8% coupon payments but only $1000 at maturity, less than the $1100 he had paid for it. . Since bond B is selling at a discount, its yield is greater than the coupon rate, but how much depends upon the term to maturity. In the near term the yield exceeds 9%, but if the term of the bond goes out to 20 years, the actual yield to maturity will be less than 9%. a. Show the cash flows for the two bonds below, each of which has a par value of $1,000 and pays interest semiannually: B ond| Coupon Rate| Years to Maturity| Price| W| 7%| 5| $884. 20| Y| 9| 4| 967. 70| b. Calculate the yield to maturity for the two bonds. a. Bond W pays $35 twice a year for 5 years, pays $1000 in year 5. ond Y pays $45 semi-annually for 4 years and $1000 in year 4. b. Bond W’s cash flows must be discounted to equal $884. 20. Using a trial-and-error method of several rates the closest yield to maturity is 10. 6%. Try also using financial calculator to confirm this yield. Bond Y’s cash flows must be discounted to equal $967. 70. Using the trial-and-error method results this time in a yield to maturity of 9. 4%. 8. a. What is the credit risk associated with a U. S. Treasury security? b. Why is the Treasury yield considered the base interest rate? c. What is meant by on-the-run Treasuries? d. What is meant by off-the-run Treasuries? a. Essentially no credit risk Treasury securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. b. It has the least risk in terms of default risk and is highly liquid, since Treasury securities comprise the largest and most actively traded financial instruments in this country. c. â€Å"On-the-run† Treasury issues are the most recently auctioned issues for each maturity. â€Å"Off-the-run† issues are the older ones, auctioned before the current coupon issues 3. In the May 29, 1992, Weekly Market Update, published by Goldman Sachs amp; Co. the following information was reported in various exhibits for certain corporate bonds as of the close of business Thursday, May 28, 1992: Issuer| Rating| Yield | Spread| Treasury Benchmark| General Electric Capital Co. | Triple A| 7. 87%| 50| 10| Mobil Corp. | Double A| 7. 77| 40| 10| Southern Bell Tel amp; Teleg | Triple A| 8. 60| 72| 30| Bell Tel Co Pa| Double A| 8. 66| 78| 30| AMR Corp| Triple B| 9. 43| 155| 30| a. What is meant by rating? b. Which of the five bonds has the greatest credit risk? c. What is meant by spread? d. What is meant by Treasury benchmark? e. Explain how each of the spreads reported above was determined. f. Why does each spread reported above reflect a risk premium? a. A rating refers to a published indicator of creditworthiness or probability of default. b. The AMR Corp. has the greatest credit risk, because at Triple B it has the lowest rating of the group. c. Spreads are differences in yields among bonds. Most commonly the spread is calculated as the excess yield over a benchmark Treasury security. d. The Treasury benchmark is the government security with the same maturity as the corporate security under consideration. e. Each spread was determined by subtracting the appropriate Treasury benchmark yield as of May 29, 1992 from the non-Treasury security of the same maturity. f. The spread in each case constitutes a risk premium for bearing default and liquidity risks that are not inherent in Treasury securities. 4. What is meant by an embedded option in a bond? a. Give three examples of an embedded option that might be included in a bond issue. b. Does an embedded option increase or decrease the risk premium relative to the base interest rate? a. An embedded option in a bond can be associated with convertible bonds. The holder has a call option to convert into stock at his will and he is willing to pay a premium in terms of a lower yield for this privilege. The issuer may have an embedded option in terms of callability , forcing the bondholder to sell back the security at a given price at a time of the issuer’s choosing. b. Convertible features, putable bonds (that allow bondholders to sell the securities back to the issuers at par), and warrants attached to bonds are examples of options that may be included in bond issues. c. The answer depends on the nature of the option. If the buyer has a call option he will pay more for the bond and accept a lower yield. If the issuer has an option like a callable feature on a bond, he is paying a price in terms of a higher yield or lower bond price. Chapter 11 1. What is a yield curve? a. Historically, why has the Treasury yield curve been the one that is most closely watched by market participants? a. A yield curve is a geographical representation of the term structure (the relationship between yield to maturity and the term to maturity) of securities having the same credit rating. . Treasury securities are risk-free with respect to credit and liquidity, and their yields serve as benchmarks for other securities. 2. What are the types of risks associated with investing in bonds and how do these two risks affect the pure expectations theory? The expectations theory suggests that rates will change over time in some direction. The prospect of changing yields creates two risks related to bond investment: (1) the price risk (value of principal if sold prior to maturity) and the reinvestment risk. Low rates may be good for price increases, but their favorable impact is partially offset by investors having to reinvest earnings at these low rates Chapter 12 1. Assume the following: Expected market return = 15% Risk-free rate = 5. 7% If a security’s beta is 1. 3, what is its expected return according to the CAPM? The expected return is: .07+1. 3 (. 15-. 07) =. 174=17. 4%, (assume risk free rate =7%). 2. What are the difficulties in practice of applying the arbitrage pricing theory model? a. Does Roll’s criticism also apply to this pricing model? b. In the CAPM investors should be compensated for accepting systematic risk: for the APT model, investors are rewarded for accepting both systematic risk and unsystematic risk. † Do you agree with this statement? a. The difficulty lies in identifying the systematic factors. b. Roll’s criticism does not apply to the APT model because that model does not rely on a true market index. c. This statement is true for the CAPM, but not for the APT model. The latter also asserts that investors should be compensated only for accepting systematic risk. But unlike the CAPM, there is more than one systematic risk. Chapter 17 1. How does common stock differ from preferred stock? b. Why is preferred stock viewed as a senior corporate security? a. Preferred stock is entitled to a fixed participation in the form of dividends of the earnings of the company. Dividends must be declared and ordinarily they are at the discretion of the board. Common stock is entitled to the residual cashflow, and is junior to the preferred stock both in terms of distribution and liquidation preference. b. Preferred stock is considered a senior instrument because dividends must be paid before any distribution of dividends can be made to the common stockholders. Also, in a liquidation, the preferred stockholders are paid before the common stockholders, who are considered residual claimants. 2. Explain the mechanics and some key rules of a short sale. a. What restrictions are imposed on short selling activities? a. A short seller borrows the stocks to sell on the market, giving the proceeds of the sale to his broker as collateral. Should prices decline he will buy the stocks, return them to the broker and obtain the sales proceeds. b. A short sale must be announced at the time the order is given , and it can occur only after an uptick in the market price of the stock. The short seller is also responsible for paying any dividends due on the stocks before he covers them with a purchase. 3. What are the three general types of stock market indicators? Stock market indicators can be classified into three groups: (1) those produced by stock exchanges based on all stocks traded on the exchange; (2) those produced by organizations that subjectively select the stocks to be included in indexes; (3) those where stock selection is based on an objective measure, such as the market capitalization of the company. Chapter 18 1. Explain the two ways in which an order-driven market can be structured. An order-driven market can be structured in two ways: (1) continuous market, where a trade can be made at any moment in continuous time; (2) call auction, where orders are batched together for a simultaneous execution in multilateral trade at a specific point in time 2. Why is the Nasdaq referred to as a â€Å"fragmented market†? Nasdaq is a fragmented market because its stocks can be traded off the exchange. 3. What are the two sections of the Nasdaq stock market? The two sections are the Nasdaq National Market (NNM) and the Small Cap Market. . What are the three parts of the OTC market for stocks? There are three parts to the OTC market: two under Nasdaq and a third market for truly unlisted stocks (which is composed of OTC Bulletin Board and the Pink Sheets). Chapter 26 1. Suppose you bought a stock index futures contract for 200 and were required to put up initial margin of $10,000. The value of the co ntract is 200 times the $500 multiple, or $100,000. On the next three days, the contract’s settlement price was at these levels: day 1, 205; day 2, 197; day 3, 190. a. Calculate the value of your margin account on each day. b. If the maintenance margin for the contract is $7,000, how much variation margin did the exchange require you to put up at the end of the third day? c. If you had failed to put up that much, what would the exchange have done? a. Day 1 Price = $205 x 500 = $102,500, Margin = $12,250 Day 2 Price = $197 x 500 = $ 98,500, Margin = $ 8,500 Day 3 Price =$190 x 500 = $ 95,000, Margin = $ 5,000 b. Add $2,000 to meet variation margin requirements on the third day. c. If the margin call was not met, the exchange would have liquidated the position. 2. â€Å"The futures market is where price discovery takes place. † Do you agree with this statement? If so, why? If not, why not? Agree. This is true when there is a well-developed futures market that is more advantageous to use by market participants for changing their price exposure to an asset. Investors can more easily become involved in the market because the wealth required to participate is relatively small. a. What is meant by open interest? b. Why is open interest important to an investor? a. Open interest is the number of contracts outstanding. It is a measure of the liquidity of the contract and therefore important to portfolio managers who want to implement strategies using the contract 3. What is meant by an OTC derivative product? Customized derivative products, such as forward contracts, are called Over-the-counter derivatives. 4. What is the major concern with banks creating OTC derivative products? Banks that create OTC derivative products may put themselves in a position that could create severe financial problems. These banks may not have proper risk management systems in place to effectively monitor their risk exposure. Identify and explain the key features of an option contract. The exercise price is the price at which the holder of an option has the right to buy or sell a security. The expiration date is when the option holder’s right to sell or buy a stock expires. The premium is the price paid for an option. It is the consideration given for a contract, which binds the other party to buy or sell a security, if required. The underlying asset is the item which can be bought or sold by the option holder. 5. What is the difference between a put option and a call option? A put option is the right to sell a security at a specified price within a specified period of time. A call option is the right to buy a security at a specified price within a specified period of time. 6. What is the difference between an American option and a European option? An American option can be exercised anytime up to the date of expiration. A European option can only be exercised at the time of expiration 7. Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement: â€Å"Buying a put is just like short selling the underlying asset. You gain the same thing from either position, if the underlying asset’s price falls. If the price goes up, you have the same loss. † Buying a put indicates the same intention as short-selling a security. In both cases the speculator hopes to take advantage of a decrease in price of the security. The effect, however, is different on two counts. First, the short seller is taking a risk that prices may rise, that he may have to purchase the security at a higher price than he sold it. The put option holder’s maximum loss would be the price of the premium should he not exercise the option. Second, leverage also makes a difference. The short seller has to place the entire amount of his sale with the broker as collateral. The put holder has only a small amount invested, i. e. , the premium. Modest price decreases magnify his gains.