Shared and Non-Shared Events

Events, using a psychological approach, could either be shared or non-shared. Based on the denotation of shared and the non, one might have a pretty good idea of what the terms actually mean. One thing is for sure, though; apparently, not all events can be shared, which somehow contradicts one connotation of the word event. At any rate, this paper would define and differentiate shared and non-shared events as much as the author knows it. Shared EventsIn order to understand what the term means without the use of complex psychology books, we should make do with just the bare words themselves defined separately: Shared is the past tense of share, which means to allow joint access to a particular thing or concept. Anything can practically be shared—even personal things, if it is within one’s hygienic tolerance. An event, meanwhile, is anything happening. So, combining the two definitions, we would get anything happening that is experienced by not just a single person therefore, our bare definition of a shared event is formed.Adding the subject of psychology, a shared event is something that is experienced by all parties involved, but its significance impacts those of not just by one person but all those involved in the event. Non-Shared Events Since the definition of shared events is already established, we only need to define the word non in order to get our full definition of a non-shared event. The word non is an adverb that signifies that the word following it should be regarded as the contrary.Therefore a non-shared event is exactly the opposite of a shared event, which brings us to a definition of anything happening that is experienced by just a single person. Again, from a psychological perspective, we get â€Å"something happening, whose impact only affects one individual. Examples of Shared Events There are many examples of a shared event. A good and timely example is none other than the current economic crisis. Is it an event? Check. Does it affect those involved? Check.The current economic crisis, call it recession if you must, is definitely a shared event, not only because it is an event (a big one at that), but also because virtually everybody is affected. Employees are either losing jobs or losing benefits, investors are losing their business, and families are giving up their homes. Another example of a shared event is a regional disaster—they could either be natural disasters or man-made. Hurricanes, earthquakes, forest fires, and floods are just some of examples of regional disasters that are shared by everyone who happened to be in the area where it took place.Election is another shared event that impacts the population, as the outcome of an election could determine the future of a nation. Examples of Non-Shared Events There are also a number of examples for non-shared events. A person who gets himself or herself into an accident alone is one example. However, if that person is the provider for a family, his or her accident can be considered as a shared event, as that person’s accident would cause his or her family to be affected financially by the accident.The same it true with a person who gets sick. If he lives alone or if his inactivity does not affect the welfare of the family, his sickness would be considered a non-shared event. Otherwise, it is a shared event. Relationship events outside of the family is also an example of a non-shared event—other family members do not necessarily have to get involved in relationship matters outside of their circle (Eley & Stevenson, 2000).

Native Americans in the United States and Hardy Individualism Essay

Prompt: Although the development of the Trans-Mississippi West is popularly associated with hardy individualism, it was in fact largely dependent on the federal government. Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to western economic activities in the 19th century. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the idea of the far west captivated many. The chance to begin life anew attracted thousands of individuals and families alike to move out west and escape their current life, which was usually full of poverty and for some, full of discrimination. As the west expanded and grew into an important part of the United States, westerners found it somewhat difficult to survive with important resources going scarce. Although the development of the Trans-Mississippi west is mainly associated with hardy individualism, the west? s development as a whole was largely the result of the aid of the federal government by constructing railroads, promoting and protecting the land, and removing the Indian tribes. Railroads were an integral part of the west; without them the West would not be successful. The distance of the west from the rest of the country was large and the only way to reach the west was through a long, tiresome journey by wagon. The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 paved the way for the expansion of the railroads. The Act gave companies land to build railroads. The faster the company built the railroad, the faster they could get more land, which they usually sold for profit later on. The construction of the railroad benefitted many who were not living in the west, namely Chinese immigrants. With thousands of workers, railroad companies had to ensure their safety to prevent being sued and frowned upon by the public. To prevent that, railroad companies provided many necessities for their workers like shelter.

Arnold Palmer Hospital Supply Chain

Arnold Palmer Hospital’s Supply Chain Case Arnold Palmer Hospital is one of the nations leading hospitals for women and children. It is located in Orlando, Florida, and is apart of a national purchasing group. Even though being apart of the purchasing group has some advantages, there are also many disadvantages. These disadvantages forced the hospital to change its supply chain strategy. After leaving this group the hospital along with several other hospitals from the group formed their own smaller, but still powerful group, Healthcare Purchasing Alliance.The company saved its members $7 million in the first year with two main changes. First, it was structured and staffed to assure that the bulk of the savings associated with its contracting efforts went to its eight members. Second, it struck even better deals with vendors by guaranteeing a committed volume and signing not 1- year deals but 3- to 5- year contracts. There are several issues facing the Arnold Palmer Hospital (APH) that led to the revising of the supply chain strategy.The main reason for the revision of the strategy was because of the frequent changing of products every year by the purchasing group, because of lower cost bidders. Another reason for the change in strategy is the fact that the purchasing group drops products that are familiar or preferred to APH, and stocked products that were not famili ar to the physicians at the hospital. The final reason the case stated that the hospital changed its strategy was because the buying group was not able to negotiate contracts with local manufacturers to secure the best pricing.Because APH left the large purchasing group and formed their own group they were able to save their members $7 million, even though they had an internal cost of $400,000 to run HPA the savings and ability to contract for what the member hospitals really want makes the business a good one. The reason that Arnold Palmer Hospital’s strategy differs from a manufacturing firms strategy is because an effective supply chain strategy in manufacturing focuses on development of new product innovations and efficiency through buyer-vendor collaboration, where-as the approach in a service industry has a slightly different emphasis.Because APH is a service industry it focuses more on the people side of the supply chain. Using the people who actually use the product and taking their input when buying the objects. The alternative to the problem with the purchasing group would be to do exactly what APH did, leave the group. Although instead of forming their own group they could have joined another group in the area. With them forming their own group they can set their own rules, and regulations, and if they had joined another group they would have had to conform to the already set rules and regulations. I believe that the best alternative that they could have chosen was forming their own purchasing group. That way they can do what was best for them, their patients and their employees, and the other hospitals in the group. They can come up with their own rules and regulations, who they wanted their supplies from, and who to negotiate contracts with.

Business law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business law assignment - Essay Example Because of the easy access to information, masses around the world are getting more aware and becoming more demanding in nature. The rising demands are creating the perfect opportunities for firms and organizations to launch new products and services, which will expectedly fulfill the demands of the masses. With the rising number of alternatives emerging in the markets, the market level competition is rising on a steady basis. Because of the increase in competition, the lifecycle of products and services offered by the firms are getting increasingly reduced. In order to design a competitive edge in a fast moving marketplace, firms and organizations are looking forward to reduce the lead time that is needed to launch the new products and services in the marketplace. It has to be highlighted that for the reduction of lead time, the time to manufacture the products and the services has to be reduced. Organizations in the developing as well as developed markets, in order to reduce the lead time as well as develop efficiency in their manufacturing process, are increasingly outsourcing the manufacturing process to the various manufacturing specialists, who can provide a faster delivery of the products and services at a competitive cost. These outsourcing of operations by organizations to oth er firms and domain specific specialists, are negotiated in the form of contracts. In the world of business, it is important to mention that apart from the outsourcing contracts, organizations around the world often enter into contracts in the form of service level agreements (SLAs), sales contracts, employment contracts as well as general business contracts so as to generate business efficiency and develop mutually beneficial competitive edge in the marketplace. In the process of designing of the contracts, a series of clauses are added so that the contract remains beneficial for both the parties. This particular assignment intends to focus on the

Is it Cost-Effective to Invest on Simulation Training in order to Dissertation

Is it Cost-Effective to Invest on Simulation Training in order to Improve the Management and Leadership Skills of the Doctors - Dissertation Example ng the doctors’ level of confidence, the provision of simulation programmes is also useful in terms of improving the medical doctors’ competency and patients’ safety. Without the need to practice on patients who are admitted to the hospital, Temple (not known) mentioned that the use of simulation technique will provide each of the doctors the opportunity to review and learn from their own errors and actual performance results. Considering the significance of simulation training programmes over the learning outcomes of the doctors, this study aims whether or not the use of simulation training is cost-effective in terms of improving management and leadership of doctors. To improve the quality of healthcare throughout the United Kingdom, the National Health Service (NHS) is promoting medical leadership and management. In line with this, a literature review will be conducted to examine the attitude of the healthcare institutions and people from the academic world wit h regards to the NHS’ active promotion on healthcare management and medical leadership. In general, the NHS is a publicly funded health care organisation. Therefore, in response to the growing healthcare demands in the United Kingdom, the NHS management team should be made responsible and held accountable when it comes to utilising the most out of its investment fund. In order to examine whether or not it is necessary on the part of the NHS to promote the use of simulation training gadgets for doctors, a literature review will be conducted to determine the importance of teamwork, collaboration, and inter-professionalism in the role and responsibilities of the doctors followed by examining the impact of simulation training on teamwork and doctors’ overall work performance. Eventually, this study will... The scope of this study includes examining the attitude of the healthcare institutions and people from the academic world with regards to the NHS’ active promotion on healthcare management and medical leadership, determining the importance of teamwork, collaboration, and inter-professionalism in the role and responsibilities of the doctors, examining the impact of simulation training on teamwork and doctors’ overall work performance; identify possible future improvements with regards to the use of simulation training devices for doctors, and determining how simulation technologies could affect healthcare management and medical leadership throughout the United Kingdom. Furthermore, this study will also determine whether or not the investment on simulation training is cost-effective in terms of improving management and leadership of doctors. Aside from justifying that not all of the NHS’ investment on training simulation programmes for doctors is effective in terms of improving their knowledge and skills on healthcare management and medical leadership, this study will also provides some suggestions on how the NHS will be able to effectively fulfill its healthcare objectives.

Fashion Function & Aesthetic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fashion Function & Aesthetic - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Function & Aesthetic" talks about Innovative Materials and Digital Technologies for Fashion Applications. The idea of fashion originated from people seeking to define personality by their choice of clothes. This however changes as the advancement in technology since our way of life is directly impacted. The influence of technology in our lives, though manifest in various aspects, seems to be more distinct on fashion trends. With the arrival of digital technology came new ways of making clothes, new style of clothing and basically new inspiration for the fashion industry. An obvious observation is that fashion and technology have had a relationship dating back since times in history. Each technological evolution brings with it influence in the fashion industry and it has not been any different with the digital technology. A lot of digital influences are being experienced in the fashion industry right from inspiration, production, trend setting, down to the consumer experience. The fashion industry continues to experience transformation in fabrication, designing and promotion in ways beyond remarkable. Thanks to digital technology, sewable electronic designers are making a garment with incredible abilities and fashion promotion and branding have been all redefined through social media networks. Digital technology has been adopted by leading fashion houses in the world to promote brands and enhance the consumers' shopping experience. Certain websites have launched applications.

Human Resource Management High School Case Study

Human Resource Management High School - Case Study Example In addition, his character references have shown positive feedback with his work ethic and study habits. With this kind of academic background, it is blatantly obvious that the part of the benefits package which would most likely appeal to Peters is the company's apparent conduciveness to higher learning. The case states that Beco Electric encourages advanced education, fully subsidizing all expenses for tuition and books. And to top it all off, the company would even allow its employees to attend classes during the day, depending on the circumstance. A harmonious, mutually beneficial working relationship would even result in scholarships for all dependents of the employee. Judging from his description, these are the facets of the benefits program which Mr. Peters would find most attractive. Of course, having the standard health insurance and profit sharing plans never hurt, but if one is very serious with his continuing studies, this reflects a personality which would not give much credence to financial compensation. Mr. Peters is an academic achiever and has shown significant leadership potential, hence the company's flexible continuing education schemes should bode well for him . Other benefits which may favor Mr.

A Savage Wisdom by Norman German Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Savage Wisdom by Norman German - Essay Example Calloway for which she would die by the electric chair. The year between when McQuiston met and married her husband Claude â€Å"cowboy† Henry and the murder of Calloway were full of extremely rash acts of passion and desperation. Though this is factual, German is able to capably and masterfully depict McQuiston as a woman full of fire and enduring love before illustrating her as a murderess. German creates a backdrop of colorful Louisiana history while telling a story of ‘Toni Jo‘, a woman who falls in love with the very businessman that she is in real life, guilty of sleighing with a single gunshot to the back of the head. German paints a fictional view of ‘Toni Jo Henry’ as a popular girl who emerges from the depression; who finds herself in love with a man who would soon betray her. Certainly, the 25 chapter novel is quite a bit different from the actual events surrounding the life of McQuiston (Toni Jo Henry), but if nothing else, it lends a different rendition of how the story could have very well played out. The historical landmark of McQuiston’s tale is certainly, that she was the first and only woman to have ever been sentenced to die by electric chair in Louisiana, having actually served out her sentence. McQuiston was indeed a woman of beauty, based on the historical photographs which have been preserved, of her. German builds upon this feature possessed by McQuiston such that she was able to succeed with as much as she did based on the merit of her looks. If anything, this may be the downfall of the piece. Certainly, the acts of McQuiston are reprehensible and lend nothing to be dismissed or excused; but she deserves to be remembered as being intelligent; albeit deviously so, before being remembered as a fair beauty. The depiction of McQuiston is certainly meant to be fictional, and is done in a brilliant capacity; but the novel may at times, attribute much of her ability to have gotten as

Literature review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Literature review - Research Paper Example Accordingly, the managers and administrators of an organization are necessitated to acquaint themselves with the required competencies that are of extreme importance for the success of the organizations. This indicates that the respective managers and administrators of various organizations globally should acquaint themselves with the latest knowledge, managerial attitudes and skills and other forces for enabling the organizations to manage the changes and also at the same time stand out in this competitive market. Thus, for achieving successful results and remaining competitive in the modern dynamic world, the organizations focus on several organizational developmental (OD) practices. The OD practices are built on unique core values and philosophies that ultimately guide the organizations’ actions and behaviors. The practices are considered value-based principles and include the five most important values. The first value is that of inclusion and respect of the opinions and b eliefs of each and every individual for taking up decisions. Secondly, OD practices include collaboration that enhances the organizations’ cohesion with clientele in a comprehensive client system. The OD practices also accounts for authenticity and strive for congruence to enhance qualities of the clients. Self-awareness is another important OD practice influenced by the organizations which is aimed towards development of interpersonal skills along with self-awareness. Finally, the OD practice includes the aspect of empowerment that concentrates on helping every individual in the client organization with the objective of enhancing their empowerment and self-sufficiency that can transform the workplace into productive and satisfying working conditions (Sheldon, 2010). 2. Purpose/Problem Statement In the present paper, the role and the function of the OD practices in the successful performance of an organization will be invested with respect to various researches performed on t he current scope of the organizational development. It is hypothesized that the organizations that concentrate heavily on the OD practices are more likely to achieve success than the organizations that follow traditional trend and does not consider the current dynamic environmental nature. The action plan for examining the hypothesis will be broadly discussed in the methodology section of this research paper and the findings from various researches involved will be presented in the next section. This hypothesis has been specifically chosen for the present research because OD is believed to be focused on transfer of knowledge and skills to the organizations so that the organizations become more capable of managing the future anticipated development (Cummings, 2004). This statement of the nature of OD instigated the notion of examining the effectiveness of OD and this is presumed to be accomplished by reviewing the performance of those organizations which undertake the practices in OD . 3. Methodology The examination of the hypothesis will be undertaken through review of six important literatures based on researches conducted by researchers during the past. The six important literatures have been collected through the help of scholarly articles. These produce significant literatures with presentation of the respective literatures’

Walkers presentation of Sofia and Harpo Essay Example for Free

Walkers presentation of Sofia and Harpo Essay Alice walker uses a variety of techniques to present the characters of Sofia and Harpo during page 60 of The Color Purple. I will be exploring a number of lexical, grammatical and phonological choices, as well as other techniques, in the order they appear in the letter and will be discussing how these can lead to the development of attitudes and values. The introduction to the Sofia and Harpo relationship shows the reversal of the fixed stereotype perpetuated by other couples in the novel that a man should lead and a woman should follow. Previous letters depict Harpo as the feminine, subservient man, crying like his heart gon break. While Sofia is much the dominant figure in the way she is marching like going to war. In not conforming to the basic male-female stereotypes we see Sofia working on the roof while Harpo is happy to hold the baby and give it a kiss. However, once Harpo sees that he is losing face he begins to eat gluttonously as he believes that physical strength leads to power. Although this gluttony could in fact be comfort eating and so is associated with his feminine image. Harpos need for control then extends to the bedroom, where Sofia says once he git on top of me I think bout how thats where he always want to be. The situation here as well as the previously accumulating tensions has led Sofia to believe that she need a vacation. Walker states that Sofias sisters are all big strong healthy girls, the words big and strong both have very powerful connotations. The two words are used very commonly and are short and simple; this reflects the simplicity of the sisters in terms of erudition but the physical power in terms of strength and dominance. Both words are mono-syllabic and consonance on the g sound differs between the two words. The word big is a very short sounding word and also has connotations for pregnancy and reflects how Sofias sisters can face what life has thrown at them in terms of relationships. The word strong, however, has a continuous sound created by the nasal sound on the n. This sound portrays an image of continuing struggle to be a woman. Walker compares the attributes of the sisters to that of amazons, a tribe of women warriors; reflecting how Sofias sisters are striving to turn around the appearance of women as being the inferior race. An image is created of the sisters appearing to rescue Sofia from the grasps of an evil husband named Harpo. Even though Sofia is in fact similar to her sisters in terms of physical appearance, she lacks emotional strength to tackle the problem of Harpo, as deep down she still loves him. Sofia needs to be given strength from the rest of her family to eventually gather enough courage to leave.

Benefits of the Great Wall of China

Benefits of the Great Wall of China The Great Wall The text The Great Wall, by John Man, is about the worlds longest man made structure. Ranging from eastern to western China the length of the great wall remains unknown because the wall does not form a single continues line. There are several gaps and its been destroyed and rebuilt during different dynasties. Measurements vary between 2,694 and 6,000 kilometers from the western desert to the sea (Man, 5). The section that was built in the Ming Dynasty is about 25 feet tall and 16 feet wide. In Chinese, the symbol for wall is ambiguous; it can mean both Long City, and Long Walls. Construction of the Great Wall began around 214 BC and it was maintained until the 16th century. The Wall that was built in the Qin Dynasty is the most famous one because it was the first and oldest section that still remains today. The latest or the most current segment was built in the Ming Dynasty. There is much more to it than just a barrier; the wall itself contains fortresses, barracks, guard towers and beacon towers (Man, 5). Though the Great Wall is a national symbol of identity for the Chinese, the reason for its construction is commonly unknown. Most people believe that the wall was built to create protection from the barbarous nomads in northern China who were attacking them, but this was not the case. John Man in The Great Wall argues that the nomad attacks were a justification for the destruction of the tribes. The nomads were not the ones to initiate violence; it was the Chinese that provoked and attacked the nomads for land. The Wall was never the barrier it seemed or was claimed to be because nomads could still easily go over or through it while the Chinese empire ruled and influenced both side of the wall (Man, 8). So it was useless against the Mongols in the north. It was Chinese expansionism that eventually forced the evolution of pastoral nomadism and Chinese expansionism that created the threat (Man, 21). The construction of the wall served mutliple purposes. One, it defined spheres of interest, marking a frontier and confining the unruly nomad populations where they could eventually be turned into workers (Man, 8). Two, it was a way for ambitious leaders to flaunt their power and warn alien threats. The wall was first created when China was divided into three different states: the Zhou in the northern borderlands, the Qin in south and west, and the Yen in north and east. These rulers each built walls for protection from each other and to show that they were serious about ruling (Man, 23). In 221 B.C. Qin Huang conquered and unified all the states and symbolically demolished the inter-state walls. He then extended the remaining wall into the northern frontier for protection from an Xiongnu invasion (Great Wall). The wall eventually became Chinas main civic project, comparable in scope to the pyramids in Egypt, and construction continued until the last dynasty in the 16th century. One of the biggest advantages of the Great Wall was that it created a sense of identity for the Chinese. It portrayed their endurance and their economical and political power. Although it was functionally useless and took hundreds of years to complete, it worked as a symbol of authority and power in the eyes of Chinas opponents and enemies. It also isolated the nomadic tribes that lived in the northern side of the wall, forcing them to participate in barter and trade. One of the advantages of the great wall was this forced increase in commercial and trade. Scholar Jia Yi states, our markets beneath the Great Wall will surely swarm with the Xiongnuà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦When the Xiognu have developed craving for our rice, stew, barbecues and wine, this will have become their fatal weakness. Border Markets Thrived(60). The Wall also helped protect traders and administrators, which encouraged a merchant middle class in the western kingdoms, leading China to be richer than ever. While the empire was split in three different states, it was the nobles who were responsible for organizing a workforce for the construction of the walls. Peasants were forced to work on the wall by their nobles (Man, 23). People suffered from the forced labor it took to build the Great Wall, (Man, 123). It was estimated that during the construction of the wall, from 5th to 16th century, about 2-3 millions Chinese workers lost their lives (Great Wall). They didnt have a formal burial, the workers that died were sealed inside the wall as if they were born to support in weight both in life and in death. The workforce was divided into three different groups: soldiers, criminals, and ordinary people. Millions were called to work on the Wall, leaving their families and loved ones behind; even children had to join the workforce (Labor Force of Great Wall). The wall led to a large numbers of deaths and injuries during the years of its construction. It split up families and widowed many women. Not only did the wall have a negative effect on the citizens of the empire but it also had a negative impact on the nomads that lived on the northern side of the wall. It restricted their area of stay and the resources they had, limiting their amount of space for animals and restricting their travel to alternative trade or lands. This eventually led nomads to unify under the Mongolian Empire. The Mongolian Empire was led by emperor Genghis Khan, who organized raids and attacks on the Chinese Empire. The wall might have been a great authoritative representation, but it had an equally strong negative effect on the communities surrounding it. The wall that was built by the first emperor Qin was not sustainable; it was made of earth rather than stones, causing the wall to vanish over the years. Later dynasties would then rebuild it using earth, wood, or stones. Originally, the earth wall was made from was a mix of mud and local grass straws. The wall in north of Guyuan and in Yinchuan is the oldest original earth section. Later, lacking any efficient form of transportation for the materials, the workers would just adapt local resources. They would use rocks from nearby mountains or rammed earth from the plains. It wasnt until the later dynasties started expanding the walls to Hohhot and Beijing that carved stone began to be formally and universally used. Because of this patchwork of materials, some parts of the wall were made of chunks of flat, slate-like rock and ran along a hillside while others used bricks (Man, 8). During the Ming dynasties the walls were constructed using tiles, lime, and stone, which managed to last longer and be more effective (The Wall). Because the bricks were easier to carry compared to stones and earth, they made it easier for the workers to build the walls (The Wall). The stones were still used for the foundations since they could hold the walls weight better under different conditions. As years passed, people continued to acquire better resources and methods to construct the walls. The time and the location of the structure help determine the reasons behind the creation of the walls. It was built at a time where competition and power among the different states and regions was at its peak, different Emperors wanted to intimidate their respective enemies by showing them that they had the economic and political power necessary for this huge civic project. It was more of a symbol of their power rather than functionally protective as there was no real exterior threat to the dynasties. Even if there was, the nomads had no problem climbing or going through the wall. To them, the wall was not an obstacle. The Great Wall was built at a time where emperors wanted to flaunt their dominance to intimidate any potential enemy attacks. The great wall was am intimidating structure, a series of safe-houses for traders, a hugely extended barracks, a road for the transport of goods-and thus, as the second meaning of the symbol for great wall in Chinese implies, a very long city. Today the great wall is a representation of peace. A Tibetan said The Great Wall is a masterpiece containing the wisdom and diligence of all the peoples and nationalities of China. As the years passed, the wall became more redundant. Today the wall is a representation and symbol of China. The wall is no longer a barrier or a border but a pure symbol of a Chinese heritage. It attracts millions of people from all over the world who come to see the worlds largest structure. Useful in its time, today construction of the wall would create a dispute among United Nations. It would be even less functionally protective as a wall would not stop the intentions of any outside threat with the technology and weapons we have today. The Great Wall by John Man isnt the best literature Ive read, especially for this assignment. The most useful information I received for this assignment was in the introduction. The rest of the book focused more on the broader history of China and its dynasties. Even though it was interesting to learn about the different dynasties, it wasnt really related to our assignment and wasnt engagingly written. I felt like there was too much factual information for a reader to keep focused on the main idea. The author didnt have clear specific information about the wall. It was scattered all over different chapters without a clear organizing structure. It wouldve been better if he included more information on and of the people who built the walls, their lifestyle, and the conditions in which they worked in. He could have also included more information on the lifestyles of nomads and how the wall changed their traditional cultures.

Ellen Franz: Using Community to Close the Cultural Achievement Gap Essa

One of the foundations of teaching that is currently lacking adequate implementation in the classroom is the ability to understand and use the cultural differences that exist within different communities in order to help individual students thrive. Not only is it important for teachers to cultural awareness, but also it is crucial for teachers to have the skills to utilize this awareness when forming relationships between the learner and the community. Thus they are able to promote the best learning environment possible. In other words, while it is both important to focus on the individual students and the overall culture it is important to connect both of them in order students to be successful in the classroom. Ellen Franz, an elementary school teacher in a small school in Sausalito Marin City School District, is able to seamlessly accomplish the daunting task. She does so by focusing on the individual students’ needs while keeping in mind the overall community by being aware of the cultural differences between her and her students. She is grounded in the culture and community which allows her to use the techniques of ZPD in order to bring all students to a level where they can expand their knowledge and learn what they are supposed to in order to thrive. However, this is not a magic formula and creating the relationships with both the students and the community is not enough. To assure that ZPD is being used as effectively as possible, everyday she must take control of the class and in order to do so she consistently uses pedagogical knowledge, engagement, formative assessment, and persistence. Her ability to use pedagogical knowledge effectively is very important because it allows her to stay in control of the classroom and m... ...chers to know what pay attention to and what to focus on. In addition, there are some basic things that could be taught such as the importance of forging relationships with parents and how to knowing how to approach parents that may not as assessable either because of language barriers or work More importantly it is crucial for teacher to be culturally aware before joining the field of teaching because there is a thin line between being aware and feeling bad for students. When working in a community that is underserved it could be easy to make up excuses for students or assume that parents don’t care about their education. However, this is not always the case and if teachers have an idea of the challenges that they will face and a understanding of how to deal with them then it may buffer against the instinct to not hold students accountable to the same standards.

The Rise of Christianity and Christian Art Essay -- Visual Arts Religi

In 313 AD the Emperor Constantine formally recognized the Christian religion. Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire, this event affected the way people thought and lived their lives. Had a great impact on how rulers viewed their power and used their powers. Such influence was portrayed in Christian art as we know today. Although Christianity was initially practiced within Semitic populations of the Roman Empire, by the 4th century A.D the Christian religion had a huge impact to the Greeks and also the early Byzantine Empire. But by this time Christian communities had been established in all the important cities in the Roman Empire. In 313 the next emperor Constantine legalized Christianity throughout the empire. He also granted many privileges to the church, by this time over 1/10 of the population of Rome were Christian and the emperors who succeeded Constantine except for one were Christian. By 379 under the rule of Theodosius I Christianity became the official religion of the empire. Therefore with such power given to this new institution, we have the birth of Christian art. The early Church realized how powerful art was to the Romans at that time and they decided to use such power to inspire and teach, for such tools as visual effect could be only transmitted throw art. One of the other reasons was that at the time most of the population was illiterate. Therefore images from the bible would tell the stories of Christ and the twelve apostles. The art became very important in the life of the church and Christians. It expressed emotions, told stories and honored the dead. A great example is "The Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, who late 4th century. This piece shows two peacocks facing each other, symbol of the afte... ...nd matched the style of humanitarian vision of the Franciscans. One of it best works was the frescoes painted for the Arena Chapel, Padua. Its simple designs told the stories of Christ and the Virgin Mary. Most taken from the bible and portray the simples emotion in life like love, joy, sorrow. This was the new representation of Christian art and called or many others to follow his footsteps. In conclusion we can say that Christian art was influenced by the rise of the Christianity in different historical periods. Each period is associated by a certain style, which characterizes the very differences from each other. On the other hand the Christianity itself was portrayed through art, was the new development of art that gave birth to new developments in the church itself. This balance of powers between art and Christianity is the essence of human spirituality.

Othello: Discrimination Against Women Essay -- Othello essays

Othello: the Discrimination Against Women      Ã‚     Yes, even in Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello there is considerable sexism.   Let us root out and analyze instances of obvious sexism in this play.    Even the noble general yielded to the sexist remarks and insinuations of his ancient, thus developing a reprehensible attitude toward his lovely and faithful wife. Angela Pitt in â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies† comments on the Moor’s sexist treatment of Desdemona:    Desdemona has, therefore, some quite serious faults as a wife, including a will of her own, which was evident even before she was married. This does not mean that she merits the terrible accusations flung at her by Othello, nor does she in any way deserve her death, but she is partly responsible for the tragic action of the play. Othello’s behavior and mounting jealousy are made more comprehensible if we remember what Elizabethan husbands might expect of their wives. (45)    In the opening scene, while Iago is expressing his hatred for the general Othello for his selection of Michael Cassio for the lieutenancy, he contrives a plan to partially avenge himself (â€Å"I follow him to serve my turn upon him†), with Roderigo’s assistance, by alerting Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, to the fact of his daughter’s elopement with Othello: â€Å"Call up her father, / Rouse him: make after him, poison his delight [. . .] .† Implied in this move is the fact of a father’s assumed control over the daughter’s choice of a marriage partner. Iago’s warning to the senator follows closely: â€Å"'Zounds, sir, you're robb'd; for shame, put on your gown; / Your heart is burst, you have lost half your soul.† This statement also implies that the father has authority over the daught... ...ilia’s stunning interrogation and conviction of her own husband as the evil mastermind behind the murder reverses the sexist image of women underlying the play. Her performance proves that women are guided by reason to the same extent, or even greater than, men; and that men are passion-driven moreso than are women. The tables are turned on sexism at the very climax of the drama!    WORKS CITED       Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare: The Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Change Management of Nike Company

I. INTRODUCTION Change management cannot be separated from the organization. It is because change is inevitable. But some people do not like the change itself. They tend to think about the bad effect of the change in the organization, such as layoff, downsizing, pay cuts, or relocation. In fact, the change can be the good improvement, such as the improvement of the technology, building new products, and increase the market. The management has to be prepared of the change management in order to make the effective change management. The change is needed to improve the performance of the organization.The change is used to make the good development of the organization, such as emerging in the bigger market place, getting the bigger revenue, etc. In this globalization era, the organization has to be dynamic in order to adapt to the environment that keep changing day by day. If the organization cannot implement the change management, the organization will not be competitive in the market b ecause the other organizations keep improving and change the management to adapt in the change environment. II. THEORY Definition of Change ManagementChange management is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling the compositions of the environment, internal and external of the organization, in order to make sure that the changes are implemented to approved plans and objectives of the changes is going well and has the little disruption (Oseni, 2007). Change management is the art or science of making changes with the certain systems or methods to make sense out of the organizational chaos that happen in the company and affect its employees, its suppliers, its vendors, and its customers (Ledez, 2008).External factors are the factors that force the company to do the change management. For example, the company need to adjust the price of the products to make it same as the market price, or to attract the customers. Process of the Change Change must be realistic and attainable. Instead of forcing change, it is better to ensure the number of participant that join into the change and the process of the change itself. Every change process should begin with these basic questions (Oseni, 2007): 1. What needs to be change? Change should not be introduced into the system only.Change can be caused from the organization itself or outside of it. The question is best answered when the limitations of the process are identified. The answer of this question should be able to address why the change is necessary. 2. To what should it be changed? It is one thing to know that there is a need to change the current system, but another question is to what it should be changed. Change cannot be justified into the organization that doesn’t know the better alternative to the current system. The change must be offering the better benefits to the new system than the current system does. 3.How should this change happen? Some changes are ended as a disaster. It only wastes the management time and investment. Whatever approach is adapted to effect the change must address the issue of how to minimize disruption to the system and minimize the cost also. 4. How can the change be sustained? If this question is not well addressed, all efforts are only a waste in the long run. This is the stage where many process changes face the problems. Stages of the Change In the change management, there are three stages of the change: 1. Pre-implementation Stage. In this stage, there are three parts: Conception of change idea This stage is where the need for process change is realized. For example, the need to improve the inadequacy in the current system. The need to reduce cost, the need to improve the service, etc. * Evaluation of the idea In this phase, the alternatives are identified. * Management’s eventual approval to introduce the process change At each of sub stage, especially the points at which the change idea was evaluated and approved, po ssible resistance by users and beneficiaries at the existing processes must be identified. 2. Implementation Stage In this stage, the process change is implemented.It is necessary for management to set up a standing committee to be proactive in identifying problems and resistance during the implementation and finding solution. When it cannot prevent problems and resistance, it should at least find effective solutions. All of the stakeholders need to be carried along as the implementation progresses for better understanding and cooperation. 3. Post implementation Stage This stage is ensuring that the process change achieves the predetermined objectives and that post implementation stage problems are identified and sorted out quickly. Management should ensure that all staff members affected by the change.All members should be given the feeling of importance in the successful of implementation of the process change. Change in any organization in one of stressful condition that company will have to deal with. How a company deals with change can, decides whether the company will continue to be profitable and forge ahead with new ideas and products and renew the organizational life cycle. Most companies that have continued to stay in business and stay profitable have continually added, renewed, and change the product line, the customer base and the general way to do the business.Based on John P. Kotter theory, there are eight steps that will enhance the change in the organization and help lowering the amount of stress. They are as follows: 1. Increase Urgency This will help focus the employees on the change at hand and leave the little time to look back at the previous system. 2. Build the Guiding Team Management must be well informed and have capabilities to make the change. They have to be a capable leader who can answer most question and if not can adequately respond to the employees in a timely manner. 3.Get the Vision Right Management has to be able to define t he company vision form to all levels. 4. Communicate for Buy-In Management should be able to sell the workers of the need for the change. 5. Create Short-Term Wins Management has to set the small goals that can be reached realistically. This will increase employees moral and distract from the difficulty of the change. 6. Empower Action The managers have to have the capabilities to guide the staffs without fear of rejections. 7. Do Not Let Up The act of the change has to constantly be pressed onward.Stop in the middle of process will only jeopardize the power of the new way since the employees will be stuck in the transition period. 8. Make Change Stick The company must live the new process. It cannot to go back in the old way once the change is made. Management cannot over communicate change. Both managers and employees have to know in advance about the situation. The managers have to have the power to take decisions on the spot based on the information that they have. But, they hav e to have the realistic goals.Managers and employees have freedom to make mistakes and learn without fear of rejection or public embarrassment because solution of change sometimes come out from the mistakes and later will find the better way to resolve the problems. III. PROBLEMS Nike is one of big company in the world that does the change management. Company profile NIKE, Inc. (NIKE), incorporated in 1968, is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing and selling of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and services. NIKE is a seller of athletic footwear and athletic apparel worldwide.The Company sells its products to retail accounts, through NIKE-owned retail stores and Internet sales, and through a mix of independent distributors and licensees, in approximately 190 countries around the world. The Company focuses its product offerings in seven key categories: Running, Basketball, Football (Soccer), Men's Training, Women's Training, NIKE Sportswear (its sports-i nspired products) and Action Sports. It also markets products designed for kids, as well as for other athletic and recreational uses, such as baseball, cricket, golf, lacrosse, outdoor activities, football (American), tennis, volleyball, walking and wrestling.The Company sells sports apparel and accessories, as well as athletic bags and accessory items. It also markets apparel with licensed college and professional team, and league logos. The Company sells a line of performance equipment under the NIKE brand name, including bags, socks, sport balls, eyewear, timepieces, electronic devices, bats, gloves, protective equipment, golf clubs and other equipment designed for sports activities. It also sells small amounts of various plastic products to other manufacturers through its wholly owned subsidiary, NIKE IHM, Inc.In addition to the products the Company sells directly to customers through its Direct to Consumer operations, the Company has entered into license agreements that permit unaffiliated parties to manufacture and sell certain apparels, digital devices and applications and other equipment designed for sports activities. The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Cole Haan (Cole Haan), designs and distributes dress and casual footwear, apparel and accessories for men and women under the Cole Haan trademark. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Converse Inc. Converse) designs, distributes and licenses athletic and casual footwear, apparel and accessories under the Converse, Chuck Taylor, All Star, One Star, Star Chevron and Jack Purcell trademarks. The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Hurley International LLC (Hurley), designs and distributes a line of action sports and youth lifestyle apparel and accessories under the Hurley trademark. The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Umbro International Limited, designs, distributes and licenses athletic and casual footwear, apparel and equipment, primarily for the sport of football (soccer), under the Umbr o trademark.Change Management in Nike * Strategic Management Changes Nike changed some people in some positions in order to driving deeper consumers’ connection and expanding the market share. Nike hopes that the changes will strengthen the global management team and look forward to the leadership in these key roles. The changes are: (www. info. nike. com, 2010) * Global brand and general management veteran Joaquin Hidalgo as Vice President of Emerging Markets reporting to President of Nike Global Operations, Gary DeStefano.Hidalgo brings over 20 years of Nike experience to the role, and most recently served as Vice President of Global Brand Marketing, where he was instrumental in building and expanding Nike’s brand globally through innovative product launches and highly successful marketing strategies. * Jayme Martin, a strong and strategic business leader with 13 years of Nike experience, becomes the company’s Vice President of Global Running reporting to Glob al Brand ; Category Management Vice President, Trevor Edwards. Martin has held various senior key global and geographic management roles across the Nike senior management team. Davide Grasso, a proven and seasoned brand leader becomes Vice President of Global Brand Marketing reporting to Global Brand ; Category Management Vice President, Trevor Edwards. Grasso brings 15 years of experience in various senior global and geographic marketing management roles in the U. S. , Europe and Asia Pacific regions. * Leslie Lane becomes the Managing Director and Vice President of the Nike Foundation, reporting to Nike Foundation CEO and President Maria Eitel. He will be responsible for leading the team to deliver the Foundation's next exciting chapter of global impact.Lane joined the company in 2003 to lead the acquisition and integration of Converse into the Nike portfolio. He also previously managed Nike’s Global Footwear strategy, finance and costing activities. * Product Design All pr oduct improves environmental profile as measured on Sustainability indexes evolved from Nike Considered Design ethos and indexes. Then, all new NIKE Brand global footwear will achieve silver rating and all new NIKE brand global apparel will achieve bronze rating. * Using of Water Improve the efficiency of utilizing the water by 15 percent per unit in apparel materials dyeing and finishing and footwear manufacturing. Waste Building the waste reduction in footwear manufacturing and reduced 10 percent reduction in waste from manufacturing across NIKE * Community Invest minimum 1. 5 percent of pre-tax income in the communities annually. The results of doing the change management in some factors are: (nikeinc. com, 2012) * The number of factory audits showing serious, repeated violations has remained low, at about 5 percent over the past five years. The number of contract factories with unknown conditions has decreased from 48 percent in FY09 to 8 percent in FY11, due in large part to in creased monitoring against NIKE, Inc. s Affiliate base. * Human Resource Management training was conducted in 79 percent of focus contract factories (76 of 98) which covered 94 percent of footwear volume, 43 percent of apparel volume. * CO2 emissions from contract footwear factories used to source NIKE Brand product were down 6 percent from FY08-FY11, despite a 20 percent increase in production. * 97 percent of NIKE brand footwear achieved a baseline level or better on Nike’s Considered Index. IV. ANALYSIS Nike was doing the change management in order to improve the performance of Nike. By doing the change management, Nike builds Nike’s long-term strategic vision.It is to decouple profitable growth from constrained resources. It is underscored by new targets and commitments, including a company-wide commitment to further integrate sustainability principles into its innovation processes, governance and portfolios. The work ahead is structured in two levels: continuous i mprovement targets against key impact areas to â€Å"make today better† and broader innovation commitments to â€Å"design the future† that establish how Nike is approaching longer-term change. Nike is known globally for innovative performance products and sustainability has now increasingly become core to Nike business approach.Nike has continuously invested in reducing the environmental and social impacts within the business and supply chain and has made substantial gains over the last decade. Nike knows that they cannot achieve the bold sustainability goals simply by delivering incremental improvements, but need to deliver innovations that rapidly evolve the way things are done at Nike. Nike also unveiled its new factory rating system, the Manufacturing Index, which looks comprehensively at a contract factory’s. This Index elevates labor and environmental performance alongside traditional supply chain measures of quality, cost and on-time delivery.Within the overall Manufacturing Index, the company has developed an innovative Sourcing & Manufacturing Sustainability Index (SMSI) which assesses contract factory performance on sustainability measures including measures of lean, environmental performance, health and safety, and labor management factors. After more than two years of development work and concluding a successful pilot program, the SMSI is currently being rolled out across NIKE, Inc. ’s global supply chain. V. CONCLUSION Change can be not really good at the first, because change is costly, wasting time, and become not useful thing.In fact, it is very useful in the organization to improve the performance. The organization need to follow the situation and environment and it forces the organization to do some change. When doing some changes, it needs to be carefully thought and implemented. The organization needs to have plans to ensure that the changes are doing well in the process and in the implementation. The top manage ment also has responsibility to ensure a successful process change. Change will be success if it is well managed. The management has to concern to the internal and external factors, such as employees, customers, suppliers, and also the competitors.The major objective of doing the change is to improve the performance to be better than before. It is the reason why when doing the change; the management has to be very concern on that. It is very possible that the change may destroy the organization. Because of that, the change has to be managed in the proper way. The successful change management will give good improvement for the organization. It may give more benefit also for the organization. References Ledez, Robert. E. 2008. Change Management: Getting A Tunned Up Organization. Retrieved September 26th, 2012 from http://www. saycocorporativo. om/saycoUK/BIJ/journal/Vol1No1/article_7. pdf Ozeni, Ezekiel. 2007. Change Management in Process Change. Retrieved September 26th, 2012 from ht tp://www. isaca. org/Journal/Past-Issues/2007/Volume-1/Documents/jopdf0606-change-management. pdf Profile: Nike Inc. retrieved September 26th, 2012 from http://in. reuters. com/finance/stocks/companyProfile? symbol=NKE. N NIKE, Inc. Announces Strategic Management Changes. 2010. Retrieved September 26th, 2012 from http://www. info. nike. com/media/pr/2010/05/20_StrategicManagementChanges. html FY 10-11 Sustainable Business Performance Summary. 2012. Retrieved September 26th, 2012 from ttp://nikeinc. com/news/nike-inc-introduces-new-targets-elevating-sustainable-innovation-within-business-strategy#/inline/10492 Nike, Inc. Announces Senior Management Changes. 2012. Retrieved September 26th, 2012 from http://nikeinc. com/news/nike-inc-announces-senior-management-changes–2 Werkman, Renate. 2010. Reinventing Organization Development: How a Sensemaking Perspective Can Enrich OD Theories and Interventions. Retrieved September 26th, 2012 from http://www. onderzoekenadvies. org/wp-cont ent/uploads/2010/01/928458277. pdf Change Management NIKE Inc. Vanindya Permata Adi 014201000130 Banking Finance Class 2 President University

Enabling Technologies Essay

Technology is one form of human assets that has capacitated human civilization to develop by leaps and bounds since ages. For me, technology has made my life trouble-free and convenient. Due to technology I have to put little effort and I get greater inputs and results. Furthermore, with passage of time, I have established emotional attachment with some manifestation of technology, for example my automobile. So technology has not only facilitated my life but it has elevated my living standards. This paper will explore how technology helped my life and entertained me in one way or the other. It has enabled me to access more information worldwide and provided with various medium of enjoying my life. This paper will further look at how technology has contributed toward my self-development and how it helped me to socialize me in a proper way. Internet and socialization & accessibility My relationship to technology involves to its two basic functions. Accessibility is the foremost feature of technology that I use and have used frequently to solve my daily problems. I can access a wealth of information using variety of technologies e. g. Internet, television, cell phone, radio. But I use internet quite frequently to access information and spend my leisure time. Socialization is another aspect of internet technology that I use the most. With the emergence of internet technology, online friendship has thrived by leaps and bounds. Over the last decade more and more people are getting in touch via computer and Internet access. This phenomenon is known as cyber socialization. Internet is most convenient and easily accessible way to get in touch with others and to create relationships. My first memory to use this feature of internet goes back to 2001 when I used the chat rooms for the first time. I joined the chat rooms of various communities including my native community, my old class fellows, and communities on some of my favourites topics. I joined one chat on war against terrorism in 2003 and learnt a lot about the views of different groups on this war. It included viewpoints from Muslim countries on jahadists, talibans and American jingoists as well as the American viewpoints and feelings on the issue of 9/11. So I was able to look on both viewpoints instead of single-sided viewpoints as propagated by American media. Later on, I joined Facebook and Orkut in 2006 and created my own communities and chat rooms. This aspect of technology has not only helped me in socialization but also helped me to learn about the opinions of others. It further instilled in me the ability to respect others’ viewpoints, beliefs and opinions. This will further make possible for me to understand diversity in human thoughts and to learn from these thoughts and beliefs. Access to this information has permitted me to understand my role in creating a peaceful and peace-loving world. Internet socialization helped me in another way. I was very shy at the threshold of adulthood and was unable to discuss my sexual problems with anyone at home or school as I was only 12 years old. So I took the opportunity and posted my questions and issues about sexuality online and got satisfying answers. Most of the major servers (such as MSN and AOL) have sexuality forums in which individuals can go to discuss issues relating to sexuality. Most of the chat rooms were based on discussions about variety of sexual topics and people engaged in them are from different age groups. So I got my queries answered by experienced persons. So it was internet technology that helped me to get sexual maturity in a proper way and at the right time. So this manifestation of technology has meant a lot to me and I think it is one of the most beneficial contribution of technology toward my life. It has allowed me to understand my biological self and needs. It further enabled me how much one can help other through this medium of technology and I will continue helping other as others have helped me. Internet is a growing positive force in one’s educational lives as it provides easy and round-the-clock access to the education through various means. Back in 1999, my parents considered the education as the single most frequent and vital motivation to buy me a computer thus enabling me to use Internet. Although internet capacitates students to learn in a traditional way by attending online classes and tutorials and reading online books material and stuff but it taught me in an unconventional way i. e. to gain knowledge and information by using useful websites and discussion rooms. It also enhanced my general knowledge and created in me a high rationality level and awareness about various contemporary socio-cultural issues. The most important features of education through internet are its all-pervasiveness and all-time availability that enabled me to get education anywhere anytime. I used to search various topics online about current affairs and general knowledge and I used to surf from one web page to other page accumulating a wealth of information. I did not go to library to search pages and pages to locate some information related to some topics of my interests. I needed not to schedule my learning timings as online access was 24 hours round and I was able to get information depending on my mood and my convenience. Later on Wikipedia was introduced and now I am able to enhance my general knowledge by reading articles on various subjects on www. wikipedia. com. I used to read stories since my childhood and purchased story books for this purpose. But in 2002 I found and accessed some stories online. So there was no need to spend extra amount on story books and I used to enjoy these stories online. With the passage of time, I nurtured a taste for literature. I found a lot of literature online but to read more books online, I got paid access to Questia online library in 2005. This use of technology has helped me to et better grades in my academic life and to understand the world and life in general. It is also important as it takes little efforts and time to get more information. Another relationship between and internet technology was established when I was hankering after a job in 2005. Job-hunting is always a laborious task that requires too much effort and paper-work. But internet made this easier for me. Before the development of internet, well-established conventional recruitment methodologies were in common practice where newspapers ads and job fairs were the usual practices and norm of the organization involved in the hiring process. The conventional process of recruitment used to operate in specific geographical boundaries and was characterized by national and international boundaries. Another hallmark of this traditional hiring methodology was that jobs were advertised at a standard time. But with the advent of internet and the development of online recruitment process, these geographical and time restrictions were removed. Online jobs advertisement and information is available to everyone everywhere and anytime. Accessibility of jobs are no problem and one can download a job at 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and it is reachable by any individual from next door to people sitting in other continents. So I used this e-recruitment option to get a job in 2005. Facilitating Life through Technology Technology has facilitated the life to a great extent. It has made my life easier by providing a lot of facilitations. The foremost of technologies that has affected my life is electricity. Since the age of three, I had a dependence on electricity as I used to charge batteries of my toys using electricity. When I grew younger, I learnt that most of the things that I use in life are dependent on electricity. Electricity used to provide me with sufficient heating in extreme colds when everything outside used to freeze. Without it cool breezes in summer were not possible. In my childhood and adolescence, most of the things related to my entertainment were dependant on electricity. TV, DVD player, computers, play-stations, music systems, digital cameras, video cameras, lights, refrigerators etc. were all activated when plugged into an electricity source. My automobile is another manifestation of technology. I learnt to drive auto at the age of 14 and since then, my automobile is one of my best companions. I have a very personalized relationship with it. Whenever I needed to roam around, to meet my friends mile away, to visit a relative, my automobiles was willing to satisfy my wishes. Beside these wants and wishes, there were genuine needs and requirements. For example, in 2005 it happened that I lost some of my medicines somewhere in the house at night, so I needed to visit a chemist late at night to get some medicines. The nearest chemist was about 10 miles away. If there would have been not automobile, it would have taken me 2 hours on foot to reach the chemist in that cold shivering night. This was horrifying. But my automobile was there and I reached to chemist in 10 minutes and got the required medicines. So for me, automobiles and other means of transport are not accessories or luxuries but they are genuine necessities as it have enabled me to save my life. I am interested in the development of more quick and swift transport like jets and bullet trains as it will reduce the wastage of time traveling from one place to another. I have a very deep relationship with my computer. When I first purchased a Pentium computer in 1999, its essential purpose was entertainment i. e. to play games, to watch videos. I also used it to perform it certain other simple tasks like communication using my e-mails using Hotmail and Yahoo and perform simple calculations. With the passage of time my interest grew up. It became an everyday necessity in my life. As mentioned earlier, I used internet and got various educational and social benefits. I used to create my school reports on it using Microsoft Word. In 2003, I helped my mother by creating an inventory of household items on Microsoft Excel. Through everyone in house was able to locate particulars things that were placed at particular places. I further helped my mother to manage budgets and have a record keeping of daily utilities on Excel sheet. In 2004, I bought a Sony Cyber-shot digital camera and stored albums of my friends and family on computers. I shared these with rest of friends by sending through e-mails. This was cost effective as well as convenient. So computer not only facilitated my life but it also helped me to facilitate my family members. Entertaining Life through Technology Beside physical needs, humans have aesthetics needs too. To fulfill aesthetics needs entrainments in necessary. Technology has also revolutionized the field of entertainment. I too enjoy watching TV and going to cinema houses whenever I have time. My first encounter with TV goes back to childhood days when I watched cartoons at the age of 3. Later on I switched over to movie channels and latest shifts were news channels like BBC World and CNN in 2007 that enabled me to keep an eye on the changing world affairs. I also enjoy listening music in MTV and Channel V but I prefer to enjoy a full-fledge multimedia system for music. Going cinemas is another encounter with technology. The big screen with great sound system produces an atmosphere of grandness and movies like Terminator 2 and Jurassic Park provide real entertainment in this atmosphere. At the age of 12, I went to cinemas with my parents for the first time. From that time till now, it becomes a habit of mine to go for movie with my friends occasionally. Sony play-stations and Nintendo game portals are other sources of technological entrainment that I often use. Though my relationship with game is old but I still enjoy playing adults games on Nintendo. Combating in tough real life scenario in games not only entertains one but it also educate one how to coup with the difficulties of life and how to remove hurdles. I recalled several images from games and made comparisons whenever I went through some real life challenges. Conclusion Although I have encircles only three main features of technology that covers various technologies but it must be kept in mind that we use one aspect or manifestation of technology every minute. And with everyday there comes a new technology and another becomes obsolete. So world of technology is dynamic where one needs to adopt the emerging and changing technologies. We also not forget that like every product, technology too has its bad effects. We should look into its positive effects and should work together with developers and scientists to minimize its negative effects.

Bridge paper

The builders could not have imagined that it would be still in use over 100 years after its opening (ENDEX Engineering 2007). So who were these people who built the bridge? What gave them the energy to construct one of the world’s greatest marvels? It can be safely said that there were only three people who believed in the project from start to finish. These were the Roeblings’; father, son, and son’s wife. The story of their achievement is the same so while the remainder of this paper will dwell on son Washington Roebling’s achievements it could just as easily be the story of the other two.Education and Practical Training Washington Roebling was the son of an impressive man, born May 26th 1837 in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania. Few remember his father; which says something about Washington’s accomplishments. His father owned a very successful wire rope business and was a pioneer in the field of iron and steel cable. As Washington grew older, he began to h elp his father in engineering endeavors. Since wire rope is a superb match for suspension bridge construction with flexibility and a high tensile strength, the Roeblings’ did much work in this field (Invention Factory 2007).Before entering the army, Washington went to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. Much like civil engineering majors today, it took him four years to receive his degree, but it was much more hands on than is allowed today. The education back in the 1800’s was mostly on-the-job training, whereas today computer technologies and weeding out nonconformists through mindless homework play a huge role in education. Today modern engineering students, co-ops and internships help provide realistic situations.During the civil war, in which Washington Roebling served superbly as an engineer officer in the 6th New York Calvary, Washington began to make a name for himself. He built a 1200 foot suspension bridge across the Rappahannock River and spe nt much of his time in a hot air balloon, the civil war version of air reconnaissance. Before the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, John sent Washington to Europe to study new methods for the sinking of the foundations. Later in his life, Washington would bestow almost all the credit and knowledge obtained for the Brooklyn Bridge to his father.Knowledge from the army and from his dad were used in his finishing of the two giant granite masonry towers that climbed 276 feet above high water over which to suspend wire cables to support a road 135 feet at its highest point above the water. This height was needed for ships to pass under. The bridge would be wide, at 85 feet, and the cables that would support the span would be bound to huge anchorages of 60,000 tons each (ENDEX Engineering 2007). The Brooklyn Bridge was an innovative project. Table 2 shows all the accomplishments and innovations that are related to the Brooklyn Bridge.Socioeconomic and Political Environments After the C ivil War, Washington returned to the family business, assisting in completing two more suspension bridges across the Ohio River (Invention Factory 2007). During this time Washington’s father, John, became interested in building a bridge across the East River. New York legislators finally realized the need for a route over the East River and passed a bill for some sort of construction. The largest restriction that the plans for the structure had to abide by was its height over the river, which was set to avoid contact with masts of ships that passes under it.This idea of a bridge was nothing new. For 60 years, different ways of linking Brooklyn and New York had been considered (Trachtenberg 1965). Soon, the city of New York set up the first ferries from Manhattan to Brooklyn in 1812 but more versatile transit was needed. The Brooklyn Bridge was erected out of economic necessity and urban sprawl (Brooke and Davidson 2006). New York City was a huge immigration hub. In the mid-18 00’s, men and women began to emigrate from Europe and many settled in Brooklyn. As a result, many lived in boarding houses.Brooklyn at this time consisted mainly of Irish immigrants. Immigrants were paid very poorly considered the work they performed as it was always the most demanding and risky. From 1860 to 1870, Brooklyn’s population growth was 50 percent; the fastest growing city at the time (Trachtenberg 1965). Manhattan was the opposite of Brooklyn, in that it was primarily a business district in the mid 1800’s. Approximately 40 percent of wager earners in Brooklyn had jobs in Manhattan. The northeastern coast was a major hub for imports and manufacturing goods after the Erie Canal was built.At the time the only way to get from Manhattan to Brooklyn was by fairy which was often slow and hampered by storms. Taking the ferries tended to be very dangerous. Plans for a either a bridge or a tunnel over the East River were interrupted by the Civil War. Bridges w ere thought to be impossible as no materials where known to be strong enough to support the needed span. Part of the problem was that the bridge needed to be high above the channel to allow masted ships to pass beneath it, even at high tide. These details had proved insurmountable until then.A fleet of ferries shuttled people and goods across the river every day. John Roebling, with his wire rope business and history of successful suspension bridges, had a viable solution (Invention Factory 2007). The Brooklyn Bridge would use steel in its cables. Good wrought iron breaks at 30 tons where good steel of the same size breaks at 75 tons (2. 5 times stronger) (Hart 1967). While it was not trusted at the time because of its newness, the Roeblings’ had faith in its strength. At the time, suspension bridges were viewed with suspicion.Many had failed in storms or under live loads; however, none of the bridges John had built had ever failed. One of the reasons he had succeeded was tha t he made them very stiff, preventing flexing from wind that would plague other suspension bridge builders into the next century and most famously in the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940, more than 70 years after John. After due debate, the Brooklyn Bridge Company was formed with John Roebling as chief engineer (Invention Factory 2007). One thing that the times lent to the project was a good source of cheap labor.Poor immigrants, mainly Irish, were the ones who worked the most on the bridge. They also took the brunt of the casualties. Approximately 20-30 people died during construction and administration viewed it as necessary and unavoidable. Labor was very manual and at the time workers had very little power in politics. The Irish workers did not enjoy the choice of date, as it coincided with the Queen’s birthday. Technological Context & Construction Details In December 1849, an accident mangled Roebling’s father’s left hand while undergoing testing on the innova tive wire rope machinery.This new technology would set this bridge far ahead of its time, utilizing a braded configuration allowing flexibility and easier handling (Trachtenberg 1965). The Brooklyn Bridge would use steel in its cables. Good wrought iron breaks at 30 tons where good steel of the same size breaks at 75 tons (2. 5 times stronger) (Hart 1967). While steel was not trusted at the time because of its newness, the Roeblings’ had faith in its strength. At the time, steel or no steel, suspension bridges were viewed with suspicion. Many had failed in storms or under live loads; however, none of the bridges John had built had ever failed.One of the reasons he had succeeded was that he made them very stiff, preventing flexing from wind that would plague other suspension bridge builders into the next century and most famously in the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940, more than 70 years after John’s lifetime. Construction was very hazardous at that time, even for chief e ngineers. At the start of the project, the Brooklyn Bridge Company lost a crucial member. A ferryboat crushed John Roebling’s foot when he was on site. After having his toes amputated, during which he declined anesthetic, an infection set in and killed him (ENDEX Engineering 2007).Surprisingly there was little debate over who should succeed him. Washington Roebling was already deeply involved with the project so he was appointed successor (Invention Factory 2007). In 1872 disaster struck again. Washington himself was down in the caissons more than any one else. He was suddenly struck with what was called caisson sickness, and is what is modernly called the bends (Invention Factory 2007). This disease was not understood at the time and results from prolonged exposure to high pressures and then sudden decompression, allowing nitrogen bubbles to form in blood and possibly clog them.Washington was not the first to fall ill from the bends, in fact, people had already died of it bu t work proceeded on. After coming back even though clearly sick, Washington was bedridden, crippled for the remainder of the project. He was only able to stand for 10 minutes at a time when the bridge opened in 1883 (Smithsonian Associates 2004). Washington remained head engineer giving orders from his bed but the person most visible to visitors at the project was his wife, Emily. She knew just as much about the project as Washington.When a board of enquiry was put together to try to oust the bedridden head engineer she removed sufficient doubt from its members for Roebling to stay (Smithsonian Associates 2004). To say she was the head engineer would only be a very slight exaggeration. The towers that supported the span were made out of limestone, granite and concrete. Newly found techniques for making steel made it a cheap, strong metal for the suspension cables (Hart 1967). The first order of business was to sink the two giant caissons into the riverbed to support the towers (Figu re 1).These were made of 12 x 12 yellow pine beams and weighed by themselves 3000 tons, having 15 foot thick roofs to keep the excavators from getting crushed by the eventually 80,000 tons of rock piled on top to make up the Towers. John found a new way to devise a foundation. The caissons were floated into place and then sunk into position, driven downward by the towers on top and crews underneath removing the actual riverbed (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Once they reached solid ground the caissons would be pumped full of grout and serve as a perfect foundation. They were undoubtedly the most tedious and difficult part of the bridge construction.Excavation methods consisted of shovel, pick, wheelbarrow, steel bar stone breakers, winches, and ten ton hydraulic jacks, eventually blasting after Washington Roebling conducted a series of experiments in the caisson. Initial rate of caisson excavation and lowering produced 6 inches per week, with a workforce of 360 people constructing the bri dge (Trachtenberg 1965). Compressed air was used in the caissons to keep the water out, and the deeper they got (78 feet on the New York side, 45 feet on the Brooklyn side) the higher the pressure needed (ENDEX Engineering 2007). This was dangerous in more way than one.Fires could be catastrophic, and occasionally there would be a blowout that subsequently would allow water back in. The largest of these air releases blew rocks and mud 500 feet into the air in 1870. Fires, from using dynamite, were the worst however. One was found smoldering in the 15 feet of wood under the Brooklyn Caisson, fed by compressed air (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Eventually some timbers were replaced and the rest of the holes were pumped full of grout. The New York caisson was stopped after 78 feet not because it had reached rock but because conditions had become intolerable.As a result, to this day it rests on sand; surprisingly stable (ENDEX Engineering 2007). The Brooklyn and New York Towers were complete d in 1875 and 1876 respectively (ENDEX Engineering 2007). The cables were strung after the completion of the towers. Perhaps the greatest calamity struck in the middle of this. A cable snapped, killing two men, and it was found to be very substandard (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Incidentally, the contractor who supplied the steel cable was not John Roebling’s Sons Co, which at the time was owned exclusively by Washington’s brothers. The cables were flawed.Eventually, the wire in all the cables, including 1520 suspenders and 400 diagonal stays, was approximately 3600 miles long (ENDEX Engineering 2007). Personal Characteristics Washington fought in the civil war both on the ground as a military observer from hot air balloons. Washington served at Gettysburg with distinction on Little Round Top and was at the siege of Richmond (Invention Factory 2007). He became very noble and selfless, though cocky at times, during the Civil War. Perhaps the most important part of his war career, however, was that he met his wife to be, Emily Warren, because he served under her brother, General G.K. Warren (ENDEX Engineering 2007). He ended the war at the rank of a Colonel. After the war he helped his father build the Cincinnati-Covington Bridge (now called John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge) before the Brooklyn Bridge. Despite many the huge hurdles of the Brooklyn Bridge project, among which was the fact that Washington became horribly sick and bedridden for most of the actual building from decompression sickness when the huge caissons for the twin towers were sunk in the Hudson riverbed (hence the traditional term ‘caisson sickness’), he managed to oversee all stages of its construction.He did this only with the help of his wife Emily Warren Roebling, who almost every day visited the site and reported to him and who some felt built the bridge herself (The Great Engineers, 1967). The Brooklyn Bridge was opened May 24th 1883 by the president of the Unite d States U. S. Grant, to fireworks and one cent ticket passes to cross. Apparently it was a great relief to Washington Roebling as his health began to slowly improve.After the completing this engineering marvel in 1883, Washington lived a relatively quiet life, mostly as a result of being still partially crippled from his illness, and when his wife died in 1903 he remarried in 1908. He spent much of his time collecting minerals, which was his one great hobby, eventually having 16,000 specimens and ending up in the Museum of Natural History’s mineral and gem collection (Smithsonian Associates 2004). This hobby added balance to his life and probably kept him from accomplishing very much else as it took so much of his time.He outlived his wife Emily and remarried. He became president of his fathers company, John Roebling’s Sons, in 1921 at the age of 79. He brought incredible energy to the position, modernizing the factory with electricity and adding a galvanized wire sec tion. The business prospered under his leadership until 1926, when Washington Roebling died. When one has hobbies such as athletics help keeps a healthy time management of school work and fun down time. College is one of the few times were one can have fun.There is a time and place to enjoy your hobbies but to enjoy these hobbies one must put in an honest day’s work. Conclusion When the Brooklyn Bridge opened to traffic on May 24th 1883, it was one of the grandest engineering marvels of that century in North America. The construction was composed of many firsts. Despite innumerable setbacks, including the untimely death of the original designer of the plan, John A. Roebling, and the crippling of his son, Washington Roebling, who succeeded him in the chief engineer duties it, was finished in 14 years, having been commenced January 2, 1870.At the time of completion it was 50% longer than any other suspension bridge, it was the first to use steel cables, much stronger than hemp or cast iron previously used. The towers that supported the four main cables (each of which supports a total dead & live load of about 6 million pounds) for the span were the largest stone and masonry objects of their kind rising approximately 276 feet above the high water mark (Smithsonian Associates 2004). The challenges of this are hard to fathom in today’s world of reinforced concrete.

Corporate Espionage

Because products tend to become obsolete much faster today than they did thirty or forty years ago, research and development are among the most important activities in modern business. However, it is an expensive activity. Some companies try to save money by paying people to conduct corporate espionage, that is, to spy on competitors' research and development operations. Is such espionage ever morally justifiable?The temptation to spy on competitors' is completely Justifiable, but the fact that its alled espionage, a word that connotes amorality any way you read it, shows that acts of corporate espionage are not Justifiable or moral. It's also illegal. There's a fine line between competitive intelligence and corporate espionage. Competitive intelligence is an ethical and legal business practice, it's the action of defining, gathering, analyzing, and distributing intelligence about products, customers, competitors and any aspect of the environment needed to support executives and mana gers in making strategic decisions for an organization.This equires that risks and opportunities be identified in a market before they become obvious and also requires extensive competitor analysis. These analyses are taken from market statistics, financial reports, newspaper clippings, and other information released from the company. Corporate espionage on the other hand, includes that acquisition of intellectual property such as information on industrial manufacturing ideas, techniques and processes, recipes, or formulas.It often includes activities such as theft of trade secrets, bribery, blackmail, and unwarranted technological urveillance. The morality of this issue can be broken down into a simple example using the children's show Spongebob. Spongebob Squarepants works at the Krusty Krab, home of the Krabby Patty, the most popular burger in all of Bikini Bottom. The Krabby Patty recipe is secret and its secret is what makes it so popular.The Krusty Krab's rival, The Chum Bucke t is a significantly less successful undersea fast food restaurant (mainly because they serve chum). The owner of The Chum Bucket, Plankton wants his restaurant to be as successful as The Krusty Krab and there are multiple episodes hroughout the Spongebob series that involve Plankton trying to steal, finagle, coerce, or even brainwash Krusty Krab employees into revealing the secret ingredient in Krabby Patties.Plankton is recognized as one of the main antagonists in the show for this reason, for his attempted acts of corporate espionage. Even children understand what's he's doing is wrong. As silly as this example is, it's the simplest way to think about the morality of corporate espionage, and any way you try to spin it, what Plankton is doing is wrong. Corporate espionage is amoral. Corporate Espionage By rflzese

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Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Marketing - Assignment Example The provisions of an exclusive distributor agreement generally stipulate that the wholesaler/distributor/dealer or retailer would deal exclusively with the supplier’s products (Meese, 2005). Such agreements may also limit the geographical area where the channel partner can sell the manufacturer’s products. Exclusive dealer agreements help the manufacturers avoid market saturation. By building exclusivity in the contract, the manufacturers bind the channel member and ensure forced loyalty. At the same time, channel conflict is reduced since each member of the distribution channel is aware of the geographical limits where they can operate and sell products. These pacts are also a means for the manufacturers to maintain control over their products. The negative side of exclusive dealer agreements is that they curb the growth of the channel partner. To quite an extent, Evo’s global expansion plans are being thwarted by such agreements. While Evo accepts online orders and ships products worldwide, the retailer has to cancel oversees orders if the brands in question cannot be sold internationally due to contractual obligations. Evo may be able to negotiate better global distribution terms with manufacturers once it achieves massive scale. Retailers like Walmart are able to negotiate better terms with vendors simply because of the sheer volume of their purchase (Yanrong, 2013). Evo has a vast array of products in its repertoire. The retailer sells ski gear, snowboards, skates, bikes, outerwear and related accessories of different brands. It caters to the needs of all active sports enthusiasts. The company has a separate product assortment for men, women and children. Some of the popular brands that Evo sells include Adidas, Anon, Armada, Atomic, Bern, Bullet, Burton, DC, Electric, Element, Freestyle, Full Tilt, Globe, G-Shock, Jones, Matix, Nike, Orange, Patagonia, POC, Reef, Ride, Spy, The North Face, Timberland, Vans, Volcom, and Zeal. The sheer

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 45

Questions - Essay Example Pain disorder entails experiencing painful penetrations during intercourse. For vaginismus, the vagina contracts continuously, making it difficult for vaginal penetration. Orgasm disorder is a condition whereby either party fails to attain orgasm during sexual intercourse. The secondary orgasmic disorder is when the woman fails to reach orgasm after she has attained orgasm in previous occurrences. There are two common types of STIs: bacterial and viral. Bacteria cause bacterial STIs while viruses cause the viral STIs. Syphilis and the Human Papilliomavirus (HPV) are examples of bacterial and viral STIs respectively. Massachusetts Laws define child sexual abuse as the irresponsible supervision or handling of a child resulting in sexual abuse. It entails sexual grooming, assault, and exploitation. The age of consent in Massachusetts is 18 and 16 for males and females respectively (Lutz, 2011). A child exposed to sexual abuse suffers from emotional, mental, and physical disorders. State laws should be enforced to mitigate child sexual abuse whereby offenders face legal

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Technology - Essay Example gely contingent on age, by and large, every person grounds his personal preference, principles, and decisions on what he or she ascertained from the information obtainable in television. Just as our culture is molded by the effects of television, so as the nature of our way of thinking, is brought about by our constant observation of the so-called â€Å"great cyclopean boob tube†. Television shapes the public opinion as asserted by the agenda-setting theory of mass communication. The gen that we glean out from watching the television affects our perceptions about different issues in the community as it replaces some of our former understandings of the varied disputes and arguments encompassing our environment. Personally, I use television as my prime source of information and current events. Because of its extensive coverage and the quality of the material that you receive from them, it permanently becomes the foundation from which I direct my elucidations of any political and social arguments. On account of the numerous source of news and coverage of current events, the knowledge that I have gained from watching television sets the platform on which I link and rate the accuracy of the information that I encounter from other sources like newspaper, radio and the internet. Momentarily, the quality of radio and TV programming is satisfactory on the whole. By consolidating the different opinions, arguments, information and standpoints gleaned through watching and listening to the radio and television respectively, a more concise data is achieved. That said, there is no need to change anything not unless if there are debarring hurdles that preclude the development of media, in the forms of ra dio and television, from delivering credible and substantial news to the

Environmental Scan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Scan - Essay Example Their focus for the past few months has been to form strong relationships with their current customers, including car dealerships, repair shops, and the used car market, through strategic marketing and PR platforms. But at the moment they cannot gain customers in the car manufacturing sector as they don’t have the capacity to bring in large orders of the quality demanded by those. The major players all have private negotiations with the larger processing plants or they source them directly through imports. The current financial standing of the business is not enough to ensure profitability or expansion, modification strategies. Variable Cost per month- $ (100*70*20) + 2000 142,000 Average Variable Cost- $ 142,000/6000 23.67 Total revenue per month -$ 32*6000 192,000 The calculations indicate that the firm is not performing enough to generate a steady profit as the revenue is less than the total cost of producing. However, it would not be advisable for the firm to shut down ope rations as the loss being incurred now might well be less than the total fixed costs, which is what the firm would suffer if the management decides to shut down. The revenue per unit received is $32, according to economic rules an â€Å"in the short run, a firm will maximize profit or minimize by producing the output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost (as long as producing is preferable to shutting down† (McConnel et al., 2008) The firm is producing output at the MC of $30, which is near enough to the marginal revenue of $32 and is following economically sound practices. From the calculation, we can see that the Average variable cost is $23.67, which means that the MR of $32 covers the ATC as well as contributing $8.3 to covering up the fixed costs incurred in the process... As the variable cost of workers is the greatest cost they incur in production, one possible venue is to bring greater automation in the plants along with the implementation of software like ER P or specific manufacturing software to take over the manual jobs in the factory. While the process requires hiring experts as consultants (or creating a new position in the firm) along with the capital requirements for new hardware and software, in the long run, the variable costs will go down and the increase in fixed costs will be offset by greater revenue and profits. Financial formulas can be applied to forecast the expected change in profit and cost structure; including interest expenses from the loans that will be taken or the bonds which will be floated to fund the project. Another way to generate liquid capital can be through making the firm public and floating shares in the market, but the current standing does not indicate that the response will be good and the owners are better off by taking liabilities and keeping control of their business in their hands.